Planlægning af din flyvning - Planning your flight

Denne artikel er en del af en serie, der forklarer standardprocedurerne, reglerne og andre grundlæggende i rejser med fly. Brug pilen nedenfor til at navigere til den næste artikel: I lufthavnen →

For nogle mennesker er flyvning en mulighed for at se verden og gøre det med stil og skyhøje over jorden, men for andre er muligheden for at sidde i timevis i tæt nærhed til hundreder af andre ikke en, der er stolt af. Uanset hvad du ser på denne form for transport, er det virkelig et moderne rejsefænomen. På nogle ruter har den blotte eksistens af luftfart næsten elimineret alle alternative rejsemåder, især havforinger og således er nogle destinationer ikke praktisk tilgængelige andre steder.

At vælge en flyvning

Hvis du overvejer at flyve, har du muligvis valget mellem flere ruter, fly og flyselskaber.

Lufthavne

Se også: Metropolitan Area Airport Koder

Se på alle lufthavne inden for rimelig afstand over land. I byer som London, større lufthavne som Heathrow og Gatwick tilbyde mere fuld service (internationale) luftfartsselskaber med lounger og luftbroer, mens den nyere Luton og Stansted lufthavne betjener budgettransportvirksomheder med kort afstand, med færre butikker og betalte lounger, og er længere væk fra byens centrum. Nogle billetsystemer giver dig mulighed for at søge ved hjælp af en kode, der dækker mere end en lufthavn.

Tog- og busoverførsel kan være praktisk selv over lange afstande; for eksempel Tokyo Narita Lufthavn har jernbaneforbindelser til det meste af Japan. En godt forbundet lufthavn kan være den bedste mulighed, selv for nabolande. Wiens internationale lufthavn tjener ikke kun det østlige Østrig, men også nærliggende provinser i Tjekkiet, Slovakiet og Ungarn.

Destinationer

Det lønner sig generelt at dobbelttjekke, at den billet, du har købt, er til en flyrejse, der går til din aktuelle destination, da flere byer ofte kan dele det samme navn. For eksempel kan San Jose henvise til en by i USA, en by i Mexico eller hovedstaden Costa Rica. Der har endda været tilfælde, hvor passagerer på vej til Sydney, Australien fejlagtigt har købt en billet til Sydney, Canada, der ligger 17.056 km (10.598 miles) væk. Tjek Lufthavnskode af din destination samt afgangssted og overførsler.

Non-stop, direkte eller transit

Direkte vs. non-stop I luftfartsverdenen er en direkte flyvning betyder, at det bruger det samme flynummer, men der kan stadig være et mellemlanding undervejs - det betyder, at du muligvis skal gå af bordet med din kabinetbagage og i lande som USA endda gennem immigration. Se efter en uden stop flyvning, hvis du vil komme fra punkt A til punkt B i en flyvning.

Hvis enten afgangs- eller destinationslufthavnen er et trafikknudepunkt, og destinationerne ikke er på den anden side af verden fra hinanden, er der en chance for at finde en direkte flyrejse. Alternativet er en transitrute, hvor du forbinder mellem to eller flere fly.

En non-stop flyvning er typisk den hurtigste og mest bekvemme rute. De er dog muligvis ikke billigere eller passer bedre til din tidsplan, f.eks. Hvis direkte flyrejser er sjældne. Transitruter betyder, at du stopper et sted undervejs til din destination. "Forbindelsesflyvninger" eller "transitflyvninger" kræver, at du forlader flyet og går til porten i lufthavnen for et andet uden at kræve din indcheckede bagage.

Sandsynligvis helt fokuseret på maksimal flyøkonomi, flyforbindelser involverer meget lejlighedsvis forskellige flyselskaber, også selvom forskellige lufthavneland f.eks. i San Fransisco, Californien (SFO) med videre rejse fra Oakland. Se på ethvert sådant tilbud med omhu:

• Hvis et andet flyselskab i den samme lufthavn (medmindre de deler), skal du bruge mindst et par timer mellem ankomst for at kræve din bagage, bære den til kontrol på det andet flyselskab og gennemgå sikkerhed igen.
• Hvis du skal til en anden lufthavn, skal du overveje en overnatning; udfordringerne ved sådanne overførsler kan betyde en ubesvaret flyvning ... der kræver køb af en ny billet ... hvis flyvningen har plads.
• Manglende overholdelse af nogen af ​​disse komplikationer kan betyde, at den håbede økonomi er tabt.
• Når du planlægger din rejseplan, skal du gøre det, hvis du køber separate billetter til hver flyvning ikke kombinere flyvninger med for lidt tid mellem den planlagte ankomst til din første flyvning og afgang for din tilslutningsflyvning. Dette er især vigtigt for interkontinentale flyvninger mellem store og travle lufthavne, hvor der er mange faktorer, der kan forsinke flyvninger og hæmme dig med at komme rundt i den tilsluttende lufthavn. Budgetter mindst 2-3 timer for at give mulighed for "normale" forsinkelser. Hvis alt går som planlagt, sidder du i en ekstra time eller to, mens hvis du budgetterer for lidt tid og savner din forbindelse, kan du forvente besvær og omkostninger, og du vil sidde meget længere.

Tidspunkt for afgang og ankomst

Hvis din flydato er fleksibel, og hverken afgang eller destination er midt i himlen, kan du ofte vælge mellem daglige flyvninger. En travl rute har mange fly om dagen.

Når du booker fly, skal du huske på, at hvad angår flyveplanlægning, starter en ny dag kl. 12 midnat. For eksempel, hvis dit fly er planlagt til at afgang kl. 10:10 den 1. april, skal du være i lufthavnen senest kl. 22:10 den 31. marts for at tjekke ind. Mange rejsende har gået glip af fly på grund af denne forvirring ved at slå op for at kontrollere ind kl. 22:10 den 1. april i stedet.

Mens en forretnings- eller weekendrejsende måske har få valgmuligheder, kan en patient rejsende normalt finde en billigere flyrejse. Som en tommelfingerregel har mandag morgen, fredag ​​aften og større helligdage og begivenheder tendens til at være overbooket; disse tider er ikke kun dyrere, men også mindre behagelige både om bord, i lufthavnen og i lufthavnstransport.

Tidspunkt for afgang og ankomst påvirker tilgængeligheden af ​​lufthavnstransport og faciliteter. Hvis du afgår eller ankommer midt om natten, kan du finde dig selv strandet i begge lufthavne i timevis med få butikker og restauranter, hvis nogen.

Hvis du sover godt på fly, eller hvis du har råd til business class, sparer en overnatningsflyvning tid samt omkostningerne ved en hotelnat. Opmærksom på tidszoner og jetlag, selvom.

Flyselskaber

Se også: Flyver med et budget # Ældre flyselskaber, Flyver på et budget # Budget flyselskaber

Mens flyselskaber adskiller sig i pris, kvalitet og omdømme, kan de groft inddeles i disse kategorier:

• EN ældre transportør, også kaldet a større flyselskab eller fuldtidsoperatør, er et flyselskab, hvor omkostnings- og serviceniveau er over gennemsnittet selv for økonomiklasse (selvom der måske findes tilbud). Passagerer kan betale ekstra for business class-pladser, og nogle fly har en første klasse. Mange af disse flyselskaber har en arv fra de dage, hvor flyvning var en luksus.
  • EN flagbærer eller det nationale flyselskab er en ældre operatør, der ejes eller plejede at være ejet af en national regering. Nogle er meget gamle (KLM og Avianca har været på flugt siden 1919), men kæmper for at forblive konkurrencedygtige i dag. Et flagbærer dominerer normalt deres hjemmelufthavn, hvor de måske har en hel terminal alene. I visse regioner, især den Persiske Golf, ejes flagbærere stadig af eller tæt forbundet med den nationale regering og uden tvivl modtagerne af mange åbne og skjulte subsidier. Især Golfbærerne har solgt sig selv som luksusmærker.
• EN budget flyselskab, lavprisselskab, opstart flyselskab eller uden dikkedarer bærer tilbyder et minimum af land- og in-flight-service. Ekstra gebyrer for booking og check-in service (undtagen når de bookes online og betales på forhånd), forsikringer, bagage, sædeudvælgelse, måltider og endda vand kan i alt koste mere end selve billetten. Disse luftfartsselskaber er normalt ikke en del af en luftfartsalliance og anløber ofte i mindre travle lufthavne langt fra den nominelle destination. Normalt sælger budgetflyselskaber kun point-to-point-billetter uden ansvar for eventuelle mistede forbindelser. Hvis du planlægger at ankomme sent om aftenen, kan lufttransport muligvis være lukket for dagen uden kompensation. Når flyvningen er fuld af passagerer, er der mulighed for, at noget af bagagen ikke flyver med passagererne og ankommer senere på en anden flyvning.
• EN regionale flyselskab opererer på mindre rejste ruter, normalt med mindre fly. Nogle af disse ejes af eller er forbundet med en ældre operatør. Forvent at priserne på sådanne ruter vil være højere end priserne mellem større knudepunkter for den samme tilbagelagte afstand.
• EN charterflyselskab slipper fly ud til en klient, såsom en rejsebureau. Mens de dominerer udvej flymarked annonceres flyrejser gennem rejsebureauet, så flyselskaberne ikke er velkendte blandt offentligheden.
• Generel luftfart inkluderer alle former for ikke-planlagt civil luftfart, såsom forretningsfly og busfly. De er nyttige til en VIP i en fart eller til at nå isolerede steder.

Navnet på et flyselskab kan være vildledende: Norsk er ikke Norges flagbærer, men et uafhængigt budgetflyselskab (omend en anstændig), og Hong Kong Airlines er ikke Hong Kongs flagbærer (den ære er Cathay Pacific). China Airlines er baseret i Taiwan.

I økonomiklasse bliver linjen mellem ældre og budgetflyselskaber i stigende grad udvisket, og især på flyvninger inden for USA og i mindre grad Europa, der flyver i økonomiklasse på et ældre luftfartsselskab, leverer generelt det samme niveau uden dikkedarer service som en budgetbærer, og du bliver nødt til at flyve først eller i business class for at få fuld serviceoplevelsen.

En luftfartsalliance er et netværk af flyselskaber, der leverer internationale forbindelser. Alliancer bruger ofte kodedeling, hvor flyvninger booket gennem et flyselskab drives af et andet med et væsentligt andet fly.

Der er flere luftfartsselskabers kvalitetsvurderinger (som f.eks Skytrax) der kan hjælpe dig med at forstå, hvordan flyselskaber sammenligner i serviceniveauer, aktualitet og komfort. Sådanne ratings er en indikator, men nogle ratings er kommet under kritik af luftfartsinsidere, fx Cranky Flyer, eller hvor brugerkommentarer / ratings er uenige med en samlet stjernebedømmelse.

Især med hensyn til sikkerhed og sikkerhed fastholder Den Europæiske Union en liste over flyselskaber det forbyder eksplicit fra sit luftrum, og mens nogle af disse forbud uden tvivl er forbundet med politik, giver de en god indikation af, hvilke luftfartsselskaber der muligvis ikke overholder vestlige sikkerhedsstandarder.

Flymodeller

Hvis du har valgt en rute, er der normalt ikke meget valg mellem forskellige flymodeller, da flystørrelse hovedsageligt afhænger af tilbagelagt afstand og trafikmængder. Kortere og mere støjsvage ruter har en tendens til at bruge smallbody fly med en enkelt gang og op til 6 pladser ajour; mens længere og travle ruter telt til brug bredbånd fly med to gange og 7 til 10 pladser ajour. På nogle relativt korte men højdensitetsruter kan der dog findes både mindre og større fly, såsom transkontinentale flyvninger i USA, flyvninger mellem to luftfartsselskaber / alliancecentre og mange flyvninger mellem større øst- og sydøstasiatiske byer. De større fly har tendens til at være mere komfortable med bredere sæder (selv flade i business class og derover), underholdning under flyvning og endda måltider. At tage et større fly er normalt ikke dyrere end et mindre i det samme flyselskab, men det er ikke altid den billigste løsning.

I dag viser flyselskaber sjældent deres modeller, medmindre det er avanceret, såsom Airbus A350 eller Boeing 787. Selvom nyere fly generelt er lidt mere behagelige og mere støjsvage, er det kun få passagerer, men entusiasterne, der bemærker forskellen. mellem almindelige passagerfly.

Der er kun to store aktører på det store kommercielle flymarked: Airbus, der er baseret i Europa med sin A3xx-linje (A320, A330, A350 og A380) og Boeing, der er baseret i USA med sin 7x7-linje (737, 747, 777 787). På "korte humle" og "vandløbshoppere" finder du andre producenter som ATR, Bombardier og Embraer. I slutningen af ​​2010'erne er Embraer blevet overtaget af Boeing og Bombardier solgte de fleste af sine luftfartsprojekter til Airbus og Mitsubishi. Stadig kan fly under navnene på disse producenter såvel som nedlagte virksomheder som McDonnell-Douglas stadig findes flyvende. Bush-fly og andre generelle luftfartøjer fremstilles stadig af en bredere vifte af virksomheder, hvor Cessna og Gulfstream er nogle af de mest kendte.

Koste

Se også: Flyver med et budget

Det er klart, at det er dyrt at køre på første klasse og business class, men selv økonomibilletter på den samme rute kan variere med så meget som en faktor 5. Du kan møde kompromiser, herunder

• Muligheder for omlægning eller refusion
• Bagage kvoter eller større gebyrer for bagage
• Siddepladser inden for en kabineklasse
• Måltider, drinks og service om bord
• Check-through faciliteter eller bagagekontrol til den endelige destination
• Flykilometer eller optjening af point

Selv ældre transportører kan opkræve betaling for andre faciliteter og tjenester, selvom du har købt en fuld pris økonomibillet. Forudbestilling af disse tjenester eller faciliteter online, hvor de er tilgængelige, kan være billigere. Medmindre en onlinekampagne eller salgssted er baseret i EU eller USA, inkluderer den annoncerede pris muligvis ikke skatter og andre tillæg. Disse priser kan komme med tillæg for bagage, måltider og andre ting. Generelt er "ekstramateriale" såsom pladsreservation, måltider, bagage, prioriteret boarding og så videre billigere, når de bookes sammen med billetten, og dyrere, når de bookes senere eller ved porten.

Finde billige billetter

Flyselskaber forsøger at flyve fulde fly for at maksimere indtægterne for hver flyvning; derefter overtager udbud og efterspørgsel, afkaststyring og konkurrence. Resultatet kan være store variationer i billetpriser afhængigt af flydato, tidspunkt for reservation og betaling og billetklasse.

• Book tidligt. Da billetpriserne og billige billetklasser fyldes hurtigt op, bliver billetter dyrere over tid. Også, du har intet krav om en særlig aftale, før du betaler for din billet (er). Dagen med ultra-billig sidste minut tilbud er ikke helt overstået, men de er for det meste tilgængelige via forhandlere, der ønsker at tjene nogle penge tilbage på deres sunkne investering i ubrugte kontingenter, og de kan kun være det værd, når de leveres sammen med indkvartering eller andre ting, der ikke er relateret til selve flyvningen. Hvis du er fleksibel nok på din destination og kan leve med enten ikke at flyve overhovedet eller betale mere, end du havde håbet, kan sidste øjeblik stadig give dig nogle gode tilbud nogle gange.
• Helligdage er tider med stor efterspørgsel. Verdensomspændende biggies inkluderer slutningen af ​​december til begyndelsen af ​​januar og juli – august. Hold øje med lokale helligdage, såsom de gyldne uger i Kina og Japan eller påskeugen (semana santa) i Latinamerika. Flyvninger på de faktiske feriedage, f.eks. Juledag, diskonteres ofte, ligesom flyvninger mod den højeste rejsestrøm, såsom flyvninger ud af Saudi-Arabien under Hajj.
• Transitflyvninger kan ofte være billigere end en direkte rute, især hvis nævnte direkte rute er populær.
• Mandag morgen og fredag ​​aften er meget efterspurgt af forretningsrejsende, og til en vis grad søndags aftenflyvninger med tilbagevendende fritidsrejsende.
• Budget flyselskaber kan tilbyde billige billetter. Yderligere gebyrer kan dog øge de endelige omkostninger.
• Overvej omkostningerne, tiden og besværet med lufthavnstransport - jernbaneluftalliancer kan åbne mange afgangslufthavne uden ekstra eller lave ekstra omkostninger, mens lavprisselskaber kan tvinge dig til at tage en times lang bustur ind i boondocks for at komme til deres lufthavn.
• Negative nyheder om en destination påvirker naturligvis rejseprisen der. Selvom det ville være dumt at flyve til en krigszone, og du måske selv vil bedømme, om du vil flyve til et sted, hvor menneskerettighedsrekorden er forværret, kan der muligvis være gode tilbud på steder, der har modtaget en masse dårlig presse for nylig - selvom det ikke er berettiget.

Der er tredjeparts onlinetjenester der sammenligner flypriser. Mange flyselskaber garanterer de billigste billetpriser på deres websteder, og uafhængige websteder kan opkræve et gebyr for deres tjenester.

• For at finde en billig / uden dikkedarer flyvning kan det være godt at tjekke et af sammenligningsværktøjerne, som f.eks. flylowcostairlines.org.
• For internationale rejser kan du få de bedste tilbud ved at booke fra en agent ved udgangspunktet. Men prøv rejsesøgsider som Momondo og Vayama for at forstå omkostninger, flyfrekvenser, ruter, forbindelsestider og samlede tider undervejs. Hvis du er studerende, eller under 26 eller over 65 år, er nogle rejsewebsteder og agenter skræddersyet til at tilbyde dig lave priser.

Brug af forskellige flysøgningssider kan give forskellige resultater, f.eks. Opkræver nogle websteder gebyrer for booking gennem dem. Prøv altid selve flyselskabens websted. Websider til flysøgning kan være billigere i nogle tilfælde, men i stigende grad ønsker flyselskaber at tilbyde den billigste pris for deres egne billetter på deres egen hjemmeside.

Hyppige flyers

Se også: Hyppige flyer-programmer

Mange flyselskaber tilbyder en hyppig flyer loyalitetsprogram, der belønner lånere baseret på segmenter, point, miles eller flyomkostninger. Forretnings- og førsteklasses passagerer kan modtage bonusmiljøer for hver rejse.

Overvej at deltage i et hyppigt flyerprogram - især hvis du flyver meget. Prisen er, at dine data er profileret og brugt til reklame. Brochurer uddeles i lufthavnen, et flyselskabs lounge eller et flyselskabs billetkontor. De hyppigste flyerprogrammer opkræver ikke et gebyr, men nogle som Cathay Pacifics Marco Polo Club gør det i bytte for et par frynsegoder såsom dedikerede check-in-tællere og prioriteret boarding.

Hyppige flyerbelønninger kan omfatte:

• Gratis flyrejser og opgraderinger. Du bliver muligvis stadig nødt til at betale skat og tillæg. Flyselskaber begrænser ofte antallet af pladser eller opgraderinger, der kan opnås gennem "belønninger" ... især på flyrejser på travle ruter.
• Indfrielse af gratis godbidder (såsom forbrugsvarer og hotelophold) til andre partnere uden for flyvningen.
• Med mange point kan du blive en elitemedlem, og modtag frynsegoder såsom check-in ved første / business class-tæller, tidlig boarding, prioritet i ventelister, gratis opgraderinger og adgang til lufthavn lounger. Lounges er også tilgængelige for indehavere af nogle kreditkort.

Ikke alle priser er berettigede til at tjene miles. Du kan kræve miles for flyvninger op til 12 måneder efter, at du har taget dem, så længe du var medlem, da flyet blev taget, men du skal gemme boardingkortstubber. Det er lettere at logge ind ved hjælp af dit hyppige flyer-nummer inden reservation.

Travelgrove's er en metasøgemaskine i miles, der kan optjenes for hver flyvning. I samarbejde med MileBlaster er der også ekstraudstyr som kreditkortbonusser, hotelbonuser og specialtilbud. Resultater kan bestilles efter den procentdel af den gratis flyrejse, der kan opnås ved at bestille den givne flyrejse.

Luftfartsalliancer muligvis overførsel af miles mellem flyselskaber.

Du kan kræve point fra andre kilder; især kreditkort. Hotelophold, biludlejning og endda mobiltelefonregninger kan også give dig point.

Reservation og billettering

Fonetisk alfabet - det er nyttigt Når du ringer til et flyselskab eller rejsebureau for at foretage ændringer, er den hurtigste måde at finde din billet på at fortælle reservationsagenten, at du giver dem din Passagernavnsregistrering (PNR), og stave det ud med NATO-fonetiske alfabet (ENlpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, jegndia, Juliet, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uensartet, Victor, Whans nøgle, x-stråle, Yankee, Zulu). Dette er meget lettere end at prøve at stave dit efternavn, og du får øjeblikkelig respekt for at lyde som en professionel.

Det er en totrins proces at booke en flyrejse den gamle skolegang, over disken eller i telefonen.

Først laver du en reservation. Flyselskabet vil holde et sæde til dig indtil en given dato, typisk i en uge eller deromkring. Hvis du ikke betaler inden udløbsdatoen, annulleres reservationen. Reservationer kan ændres og annulleres frit, hvilket er nyttigt, hvis rejseplanen er usikker. Du får en alfanumerisk kode på seks tegn, der kaldes passagernavnehenvisning eller PNR som du citerer for at købe billetten.

• Et reserveret sæde vises som bekræftet i din reservation og vil ikke blive taget væk, før fristen er udløbet. Du kan dog ikke flyve endnu, før du køber billetten. Du kan kun bekræfte et enkelt sæde i hver retning pr. Billet.
• Hvis et fly er fuldt booket, men du vil prøve at komme på det, kan du lave en venteliste reservation. Hvis ventelisten "ryddes" (en anden annullerer, og du får plads), bliver reservationen på ventelisten bekræftet, og dine tidligere bekræftede pladser på andre fly annulleres. Du kan normalt vente på flere fly, men virkelig billige ikke-udskiftelige billetter tillader muligvis ingen venteliste overhovedet.

Omdannelse af en reservation til en faktisk billet, udstedelse en billet, kræver betaling eller indløsning med hyppige flyerpoint / miles. Afhængig af billettype - nogle eller alle følgende begrænsninger kan nu gælde for din billet:

• ikke-udskiftelig/ikke kan bookes: du kan ikke ændre flyvetid og dato (uden at betale et stort gebyr for skift). I tilfælde af ombookbare flyrejser, uanset om der er et ombookingsgebyr eller ej, skal du stadig betale for billetforskellen.
• ikke-tildelbar: du kan ikke flyve med et andet flyselskab, hvis dit flyselskab har problemer (hvis din flyvning aflyses, overstyres dette normalt af lokal lovgivning)
• kan ikke refunderes: du kan ikke få dine penge tilbage, hvis du ikke flyver (i Nordamerika kan billetprisen muligvis bruges som kredit for en anden billet mod et gebyr; mange andre steder fortabes hele billetprisen)
• ikke-omdannelig: du kan ikke skifte til en anden rute, selvom destinationen er den samme
• ikke-overførbar: du kan ikke give eller sælge billet til en anden
• ikke kilometertal, der kan akkumuleres: du kan ikke tjene hyppige flyermil på den billet
• ikke kan opgraderes: du kan ikke opgradere til en mere premium klasse ved hjælp af hyppige flyer miles

Jo højere billetklasse, jo færre af disse begrænsninger gælder. Typisk har en økonomibillet uden dikkedarer alle ovennævnte begrænsninger, mens en billet til første eller business class har færre, selvom billetpriser, der ikke kan refunderes, og som ikke kan ombookes, er relativt almindelige.

Online bookingenten via transportørens websted eller en tredjepartskonsolider som Travelocity og Expedia har normalt ingen mulighed for reservation. Normalt sker reservation og billettering med det samme, så bookingtjenesten kræver forudbetaling via debet- / kreditkort, PayPal eller lignende service, faktura eller indløsning fra hyppige flyer miles. Nogle budgetflyselskaber opkræver et servicegebyr for billettering gennem telefonisk eller personlig reservation, og nogle gode tilbud tilbydes kun online. Nogle luftfartsselskaber, især i Europa, kan også opkræve et mindre gebyr for kreditkort og / eller PayPal-bookinger, som ikke gælder for VISA- eller MasterCard-debetkort.

Hvis du stadig er på venteliste til en flyrejse, som du gerne vil gå om bord, eller hvis du vil tage en tidligere eller senere flyrejse, end du er booket på, kan du prøve at flyve stå ved. Dette betyder blot at dukke op ved lufthavnens check-in-skranke og bede om at blive sat på den næste flyvning. Hvis der er masser af plads, bliver du tjekket ind lige der. Men hvis flyet ser fuldt ud, bliver du nødt til at vente, indtil flyvningen er lukket (typisk 30-60 minutter før afgang) og flyselskabet kan tælle, hvor mange pladser det har tilbage. Stol ikke på nogen speciel billetbesparelse, hvis du flyver i standby og omvendt, regner ikke med at flyve i standby, hvis din billet er meget begrænset.

Hvis du ikke tjekker ind inden lukketid, bliver du erklæret som en udeblivelse. Dit sæde kan nu gives til nogen i standby. Resultatet afhænger af dine billetbegrænsninger og betingelser, som enten kan være totalt tab af din billetpris, eller på nogle fleksible billetter, du bare kan booke til den næste flyrejse. At købe en ny billet til samme dag eller dagen efter kan være meget dyrt, for eksempel op til $ 3000 for en transatlantisk flyvning, så sørg for ikke at gå glip af flyvningen.

Mens en reservation garanterer dig et sæde, garanterer det ikke den billetpris, der blev citeret. Derfor kan billetprisen på tidspunktet for reservationen afvige fra den pris, der blev givet på tidspunktet for billetten. Den angivne billetpris er kun garanteret, hvis du er klar til at booke med det samme. Selvom de fleste flyrejser, der er reserveret online, skal betales med det samme, kan nogle få luftfartsselskaber tilbyde muligheden for at låse en reservation ud online og billetpris i op til en uge mod et mindre gebyr, der ligger oven på den samlede pris

Flyrestriktioner kan være drakoniske - nogle virksomheder forbyder endda standbyændringer - så du bliver nødt til at betale (nogle gange dyrt) for at foretage enhver ændring; nogle tillader heller ikke refusion. Kontroller dine forhold nøje.

Skriv dit navn

Mange flyselskaber kræver, at navnet på billetten er identisk med navnet på passagerens pas eller ID, undertiden uden mindre stavefejl. Flyselskaber opkræver ofte meget for at ændre navnet. Dette håndhæves især strengt for flyafgange fra amerikanske lufthavne, hvor TSA inspicerer alle boardingkort og identifikationsdokumenter for at sikre, at stavningen af ​​navne stemmer overens.

• Kun for- og efternavn skal medtages, ikke mellemnavnet.
• Hvis fornavnet ikke er det, der bruges dagligt, skal det første og det daglige brugte navn plus familienavnet medtages, for eksempel skal Hugh Laurie skrive James Hugh Laurie, da hans fulde navn skrevet i pas er James Hugh Calum Laurie. Hvis der er tvivl, skal du holde dig til navnet som skrevet på pas (undtagen mellemnavnet).
• Hvis du har et dobbelt familienavn, skal begge inkluderes (med en bindestreg erstattet af mellemrum)
• Bogstaver med diakritiske mærker (som É eller Ä) skal skrives som i den hvide maskinlæsbare zone i pas, hvilket normalt betyder at fjerne alle mærker, men kan betyde at f.eks. Ä er skrevet AE. Bindestreger skal erstattes af plads, og apostrofer udelades. Hvis der anvendes et visum eller ESTA, skal alt skrives på samme måde.
• Kælenavne bør ikke bruges, selvom de bruges dagligt. For eksempel skulle Bill Clinton skrive William Jefferson Clinton, da det er skrevet i pas.
• Hvis du planlægger en flyrejse, når du foretager et navneskift, f.eks. Ved en bryllup, det navn, du bruger, skal stadig matche navnet på dit pas eller ID. Hvis pas ikke udskiftes inden rejsen, skal du bruge det gamle navn. Flere bryllupsrejser er blevet ødelagt på den måde.
• Spædbørn bør ikke bookes inden fødslen, medmindre forældrene er sikre på køn og navn eller er villige til at betale omkostningerne ved navneændring, hvis det er muligt (dette skal kontrolleres).
• Du kan spare dig selv besværet med at indtaste dit navn hver gang du bestiller ved at oprette en konto til brug på flyselskabets (eller turkonsoliderings) websted eller tilmelde dig et luftfartsselskabs hyppige flyerprogram. Når du tilmelder dig, skal du selvfølgelig sørge for, at det navn, du angiver, stemmer overens med det, der er angivet i dit pas. På samme tid kan du også give andre relevante detaljer, hvilket sparer dig tid, når du bestiller.

Din billet

De fleste flyselskaber bruger elektroniske billetter (e-billetter); elektroniske optegnelser over hver reservationsdetalje. Tidligere passagerer fik en papirbillet bestående af en pjece med flykuponer. I de fleste tilfælde er en rejsekvittering med dine flyoplysninger forberedes og e-mailes eller udskrives til din reference. Den indeholder en unik seks-karakter Passagernavnsregistrering (PNR), som bruges til at identificere din reservation.

Rejsekvitteringen fortæller billetnummeret, bagagegodtgørelse, beregning af billetprisen og tillæg, betalingsmetode osv. Den leveres også med transportbetingelserne, herunder dine rettigheder, hvis der sker noget med de fly, du er booket med.

I teorien giver en e-billet dig mulighed for bare at vise et gyldigt ID ved indtjekningen. Af sikkerhedsmæssige årsager kræver nogle lufthavne en udskrivning af rejsekvitteringen som bevis på din reservation inden ankomst til lufthavnen og / eller ved indtjekningen. Derudover kræver immigrationsmyndigheder ofte bevis for videre rejse eller returrejse. Medbring altid en udskrift af rejsekvitteringen med dig.

På grund af bekymringer om kreditkortsvindel, når du bestiller en flyvning over Internettet med et kreditkort, kræver nogle luftfartsselskaber, at du gør det vis kreditkortet bruges til at købe billetter i lufthavnen eller deres billetkontor. Hvis kreditkortindehaveren ikke er en del af rejsepartiet, skal de se kreditkortet, ikke den autoriserede underskrift fra kreditkortindehaveren. Manglende overholdelse kan føre til genudstedelse af billetten med den samme (eller højere) billetpris og tilbagebetaling for den oprindelige billet efter mange uger eller endda måneder (hvis refunderbar; refusionsgebyrer kan gælde).

I sjældne tilfælde, at du får udstedt en papirbillet, du skal præsentere det, når du tjekker ind på din flyrejse. Pas på din billet; du kan ikke tjekke ind uden den. Hvis du mister billetten, kan du forvente en masse papirarbejde og / eller besvær: Du bliver muligvis bedt om at købe en anden billet til flyvningen og skal ansøge om refusion senere eller betale et gebyr for ombilletter. For ikke at nævne, at nogle jurisdiktioner kræver, at du indgiver en politirapport. Derfor, hvis du er bange for at miste eller glemme din papirbillet, så bed om en e-billet, når det er muligt. Når du mister eller forkerer en udskrift af rejsekvitteringen, kan du altid frit og nemt udskrive en anden kopi fra din e-mail eller anmode transportøren / rejsebureauet om at sende den til dig igen.

Dine rejseplaner kan ændres uden behov for at udskrive og levere en ny billet. Hvis dit flyselskab tilbyder online eller selvbetjening kiosk-check-in, kan du bruge disse til at udskrive boardingkort, hvilket sparer tid i lufthavnen.

Den største ulempe er, at dine flyoplysninger findes i et bestemt flyselskabs computere, så andre flyselskaber kan ikke få adgang til dem. Dette er ikke et problem 99% af tiden, men det kan være en stor hovedpine, hvis en aflysning kræver, at du skifter til en flyvning med et andet flyselskab. Hvis dette sker, skal du få en "godkendt" papirbillet fra det originale flyselskab som backup Før over til det andet flyselskabs skranke. Ligeledes for komplekse rejseplaner, der involverer flere flyselskaber (som f.eks rundt om verdens flyvninger), skal du vælge en papirbillet, især da inter-airline-aftaler om e-billetter ikke er så almindelige endnu.

Ikke alle destinationer, der tilbydes af ældre luftfartsselskaber, er e-billetberettigede. Men for de destinationer, der er berettiget til e-billet, kan dit flyselskab muligvis opkræve et tillæg, hvis du vælger at købe en papirbillet. Flyselskaber udsteder generelt ikke længere papirbilletter til de fleste rejser.

Dokumenter

Du har brug for en boardingkort til flyselskab at gå ombord på dit fly ... normalt bare for at gå i luften. Du får det ved at præsentere en papirbillet (hvis du fik en), og en fotoidentifikation (måske mindre for småbørn). Hvis du udskrev et boardingkort tidligere, vil identifikation tillade flyselskabens personale at validere passet og kontrollere din håndbagage.

Hvis du rejser til et andet land, har du brug for en pas med en udløbsdato mindst seks måneder efter returneringsdatoen. Afhængigt af destinations- og forbindelseslande kan du muligvis også have brug for et eller flere visa. De skal normalt opnås inden rejsen påbegyndes. Indtjekningsmedarbejdere nægter muligvis tilladelse til at gå ombord, hvis du ikke har et nødvendigt og korrekt visum.

Tjek på forhånd med din agent eller flyselskab. Uden al nødvendig dokumentation kan din rejse være i fare. Det kreditkort brugt til at købe din billet kan også være påkrævet til verifikation af boardingkort, så tag det også med.

Enhver myndighed, der ser på flybilletter, boardingkort, pas eller anden identifikation, vil undersøge navne omhyggeligt. De kræver ofte, at nøglepapirer nøjagtigt afspejler dit fulde navn. Sørg for, at den, der booker din rejse nøjagtigt, indtaster hvert fulde navn på reservationer og billetter.

Har dokumentation for, at al medicin tilhører digf.eks. mærkede flasker, kopi af lægens recept ... i nogle lande, endnu mere. Når en international flyrute er indstillet, consult official sources that describe limitations on carrying medications and medical devices set by the country of your destination and all en route stops. In some countries, the consequences for carrying illegal items without permission can be substantial, even severe, e.g., in the Middle East, Singapore, Japan. Some Wikivoyage country and airport articles may help with this.

If you bought rejseforsikring, bring something a copy of the insurer's description of the coverage, the policy number, and how to contact the insurer wherever you are. Share that information with someone at home who would help you use the coverage, or benefit from it.

Forbindelser

Se også: Ankommer med fly

Flying from point A to point B often involves a transit eller a forbindelse in point C, where you have to disembark, find your connecting flight's gate, and re-board, and maybe pass a border checkpoint at the airport. If both flights are on the same ticket, the airlines are responsible for broken connections and will try to get you on the next flight if you miss your flight. This may also be the case if you fly the same airline or alliance, and you have allowed the required connection time between flights.

In 2016, some airlines/alliances were considering an extra baggage fee on connecting flights. To collect the fee, some may require you to exit the secure area of the terminal at the connecting airport, claim your checked baggage, re-check it on your continuing flight, and again go through security check to reach the gate for your next flight. This requires considerable time. Check with the airline regarding any such fee and need for extra time for flights you find interesting. Answers may be cause for you to look for other arrangements.

If you book separate flights on separate tickets (especially on different airlines), making the connection is solely your responsibility. If you are flying on an airline or fare type that doesn't permit last minute changes, you may lose your fare when one airline's delay makes you late for the next one. Paying a little more for a flexible fare on the final connection may not only avoid this risk, but can also let you catch an earlier flight if you make the connection ahead of schedule.

Airlines may consider a connection as tight as 35 minutes to be valid; which might be reasonable if you don't have to clear customs or security checkpoints, and the arrival and departure gates are within the same building. However, you can get unpleasant surprises at unfamiliar airports; gates could be at opposite ends of the terminal, or even in separate terminals. In that case you should have at least 90 minutes from landing to take-off. Add time for border checkpoints; preferably an hour for each. You can use slack time to eat at the airport, where the food is likely better than what you may (or may not!) get in the air. For that matter, if you at your final destination need to get on a scheduled ground transport (especially one with infrequent departures), you should reserve enough time to get through immigration, customs and baggage delivery if applicable, an extra half hour or so for plane delays, plus possible time for standing in line at a busy ticket counter.

On-line travel searchers/arrangers show statistics on how often a given flight arrives on time. Generally, the last flight of the day into a given destination will be delayed more often than earlier flights, as the airlines use that flight to "sweep" travelers whose inbound connecting flights run late. While the statistics alone won't tell you whether dit particular flight is likely to be delayed, but it's still useful data.

With separately-booked flights, you are responsible for claiming checked baggage, taking it to the next check-in counter, and checking it for the next flight leg.

Border checkpoints

Se også: Undgå at rejse gennem USA, Grænseovergang, Visum

With international connecting flights, check to see if the country where you will be making a connection requires a transit visa to go through their airport. Some countries require all passengers to pass through customs and immigration even if they are just transferring between international flights, e.g., the United States, Canada. You may find it easier if you can avoid passing through these destinations, particularly the United States which has the same requirements for a transit visa as for a tourist visa. Others, such as Hong Kong and Australia, require certain nationalities to obtain a visa even if they plan to remain in the sterile area. You are responsible for procuring all the necessary visas before you fly; request them as early as possible.

Siddepladser

Se også: Flysæder

Comfort is mainly determined by cabin class.

• First Class is at the front of the largest aircraft, with top-level comfort and service.
• Business klasse is near the front. Seating is comfortable, and meals and drinks are usually included.
• Premium Economy might have more leg-room than Economy Class; usually at exit rows.
• Economy Class (standard economy eller træner) makes up the bulk of aircraft seating.

Most airlines assign you a seat at booking. In some cases, you can change it. If you check in at the counter with no seat yet assigned, you can ask if a seat is still available. Budget airlines usually have a surcharge for assigned seating.

• Vindue seats give a view, and better sleeping comfort, but are further from the aisle, and have less floor space. The wall can be cold.
• Aisle seats may have more leg space, and make it easier to get up. Sleeping comfort is worse, though.
• Middle seats have the disadvantages of both aisle and window seats.
• Large aircraft have 2-3 outer seats near the windows, with 3-4 (or even 5) between the aisles.
• Some seats in each row may have entertainment electronics installed underneath. These intrude on foot room for those seated behind.

There are also some special seat rows:

• Exit row seats have more legroom and easier access to the aisles; some airlines brand them "Economy Plus". There are some drawbacks: armrests are fixed, and you may need to store baggage overhead. Passengers must be able to help operate the exit in case of an emergency evacuation, so passengers with disabilities, pregnant women and children will not be seated in these rows. Tall passengers might be assigned these seats, but there is no guarantee. Ask at check-in and state the reason you want/need one.
• Upfront seats are the first few rows of an airline's economy class section. Passengers seated here may have the advantage of disembarking first, which is useful for international flights and passengers with tight connections.
• Bulkhead seats have no seat in front of them. You may have to store your baggage overhead. They are often reserved for families with small children. You might snag one on check-in or even at the gate, but count on sitting next to a baby. They have the tray table in the armrest. Some bulkhead seats have a bulkhead behind, meaning that the seat cannot be reclined.
• Window seats near the end of the plane may have more elbow room. However, "window seats" in the back row may in fact have no window. In most jet aircraft, seats in the back get more støj. They increase the chance to survive a crash. Rear-end rows often have no middle seats, and more room to spread out.
• Seats in the midt of the aircraft vibrate less from turbulence, decreasing risk for air sickness. The view from window seats in the middle is obstructed by the wings.
• Seats just before the exit row and at the end of a section may not recline.
• Seats near toilets may be affected by odors, and have people queuing outside.
• Seats near the galleys may be exposed to noise, smells, and lights.
• A row of unoccupied seats might be used as a makeshift bed. Watch for such rows as the last passengers are taking seats. The flight attendants are also aware of these rows, and may use them to relocate people.
• Aircrafts that normally have three seats in a bloc may have a few rows that have two seats. These are found near exit rows and the rear of the aircraft as well as the upper deck of some carriers' A380 aircraft.

Websites with seating details are SeatExpert, SeatGuruog Seatmaestro.

Sitting in extra legroom seats, upfront seats, and two-seat blocs largely used to be free but carriers have realised that not all economy class seats are created equal, and charge more for the privilege of sitting in such areas. These can be paid using credit cards or frequent flyer points. Expect to be charged on the spot if these premium seats have not been reserved/allocated and you wish to sit on them. However, members of an carrier's frequent flyer programme who belong to the upper tiers or who have a premium credit card (e.g. gold and platinum) associated with that airline may be able to book these seats for no extra cost or a reduced rate.

Amending trip details and special requests

Sometimes trip plans fall through for whatever reason or you may have additional requests (e.g. seating or meal preferences). If you purchased your ticket from a travel agency or a consolidator website, contact them or visit their website first before getting in touch with the carrier directly. This is especially the case if you purchased your ticket as part of a package (which includes accommodation and other tours). If you purchased your ticket directly from the carrier, you should contact them directly or go to their website to manage your booking. Legacy carriers support special requests on their web sites.

Once you have confirmed your flights, be sure to let the carrier or your travel agent know if you have any special requests. Typical examples include:

• special meals (vegetarian, kosher, medical restrictions, allergies, etc.)
• special seats (exit row seats for tall people, bulkhead seats for baby bassinets)
• airport assistance (wheelchair or unaccompanied minor)

You can check to see what meals to expect on Airlinemeals.net.

Airlines not providing meals in the price of your ticket can be viewed her.

With some airlines, you need to remind the crew about your special meals order before the meals are served, to save them from browsing the passenger list and finding you in the cabin (or even finding your special order after serving you regular meals). Travel agencies have a tendency to lose track of the many requests they get, so if it's really serious it's wise to contact the airline directly and make sure the message has gotten through, and to mention it at check-in.

Special meal requests

Special meals are a variation from the standard food offered by the airline. They generally match a variety of dietary or religions requirements, such as kosher, halal, hindu, vegetarian, diabetic, Low salt etc. Children's meals are often also available as special meals.

Special meals are offered by some airlines, often they can be ordered as part of the online booking process, or subsequently by managing the booking online. Special meals always need to be ordered at least 24, and sometimes up to 72 hours in advance, and the chances of getting one at check-in or when on the plane are slim (although it can never hurt to ask, as occasionally there are special meals on the plane from people who failed to board).

Special meals are usually served before other meals, this can be especially useful for children's meals. They can be of higher quality, but can also be lacking in some aspects, for example a vegetarian meal could be a vegan meal such as plain vegetables and rice (rather than that spinach and ricotta pasta they may have been hoping for). Kosher meals (which were among the first special meals to be widely available) have a notoriously shoddy reputation in the US, but again, what you'll get will vary widely by airline and on some carriers you'll automatically get a meal that conforms to certain dietary standards. Israelsk flag carrier El Al for one has never served a non-kosher in flight meal in all its existence. Similarly, the carriers of most Muslim-majority countries, including the big three Middle Eastern airlines Emirates, Qatar Airways og Etihad Airways only serve halal meals on their flights.

Unaccompanied minors

Se også: Rejser med børn

Unaccompanied minors are children, typically 12 or younger, for whom the airline assumes some duty to care for them. They will disembark last, and will only be handed over to the person identified on a check-in form. If the assigned person does not meet the child from the flight, the airline reserves the right to return the child to the origin immediately at the guardian's cost.

Some airlines (mainly budget airlines) will not accept unaccompanied minors, and might require that children 12 or under must be accompanied by a guardian 18-years or over. Online booking and child discounts might be unavailable for these children. Generally a child must be over 5 to be accepted as an unaccompanied minor. Sometimes the minimum age for a connecting flight is 8 years or over.

Help with complexities

If all the above planning, flight trade-offs and ticket purchasing seems complex (especially for international travel), look for assistance.

• You may have venner with practical experience. Ask them what they've done to plan, choose airlines, make such arrangements, and prepare for your kind of trip. Objectively balance their experiences with your on-line and other research.
• Consider using a rejsebureau. Du kan pay a premium, but it will often be worth avoiding the considerable work and hassle of finding and booking the best, practicable tickets by yourself. And the agent may fully or partly pay for his/her services by finding special savings at sites you cannot access, e.g., he/she has access to air travel brokers and consolidators not usable by the public, at times offering better deals. He/she can also arrange special requests (special diets, baby bassinets, wheelchair assistance, etc.) directly with the airline. If you wish, they can advise you on accommodations, airport transfers and guided tours that may save you money (perhaps as a package) compared to arranging each need separately. As above, the fee (if any) you pay for such services is real but often "built into" better airline fares and flight selections.

Bagage

Se også: Flybagage

There are two basic types of flight baggage. Tjekket bagage, check-in baggage eller hold baggage is handed to airline staff at check-in, loaded into the hold of the aircraft, and picked up on arrival. Cabin baggage, hand baggage eller carry-on baggage is carried by passengers in the cabin.

Baggage limits

Baggage allowance is stated on your ticket. Weight and size limits differ between airlines and ticket classes; full-service airlines, higher ticket classes and longer flights tend to be more allowing. The airline's website can tell about fees for additional baggage. Cabin baggage is included with the ticket, except for some budget airlines.

Usually, one piece of check-in baggage is included in business class ticket, or at an intercontinental flight. Each additional bag has a fee, usually less when paid in advance. Weight limit for international flights and domestic US flights is usually 23 kg (50 lb) per piece, not to exceed 60 inches (152,4 cm) total for length, width and thickness. Within Europe, it is often 20 kg (44 lb), with total size varying by airline. Checked items may be limited by total weight of all checked pieces, rather than each piece.

Med codeshare flights, baggage allowance may differ from the airline indicated by the flight code, and frequent flyers' increased allowance might not apply.

Cabin baggage

On most aircraft (except the smallest), each passenger can bring one piece of baggage within 55×40×20 centimeters (9×14×22 inches; exact dimensions vary between airlines). EN cabin suitcase is designed with these dimensions. Though weight is rarely checked, nominal weight limit is sometimes as low as 7 kg. Most airlines also allow a small bag, such as a purse, handbag, or laptop computer bag, and an umbrella but some low-cost carriers may count these against the one hand luggage allowance passengers are entitled to. Passengers can also carry their own outdoor clothing.

Never put high-value or irreplaceable items in your checked baggage. Most travel insurance and airlines will not cover such items when placed in checked baggage. Checked bags do get misplaced/misrouted, or emergencies may happen during flight, and you may need immediate access to something.

Liquids and dangerous objects

IATA guidelines apply the 3-1-1 limits to alle international flights. They impose 100 ml (3.4 oz) limits on liquids, gels and pastes in cabin baggage, including aerosols, toothpaste, deodorant, drinks and water. Containers must fit in a single clear bag/pouch smaller than 20cm x 20cm or 1 quart. Each container inside must meet the 100ml/3.4oz limit. Exceptions are possible, e.g., for medication or baby care items.

Duty-free items purchased airside kan be allowed on board. In the worst case, en-route terminal changes may force you to re-check through security. Even if sealed in a tamper-proof sack, containers of liquids originally bought "airside" elsewhere may not be allowed through "re-check".

Place medications and liquids where they can be easily seen at security check. Ensure that medications are kept in original containers and clearly labeled. Place other liquids in your checked baggage. You may need to demonstrate the harmlessness of any liquid you carry on request by security officials. Expect to discard liquids and gels that don't meet regulations. Bottled water might be bought airside, or refilled in an empty bottle from a bathroom tap.

Sharp or weapon-like objects are prohibited, including pointed scissors, knives, metallic tools, baseball bats, martial arts weapons, as well as "convincing looking" toy weapons. Pack sharp items in your checked bags in ways that don't create risk for baggage inspectors.

The United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand have strict rules regarding bringing in food. All food must be declared to customs and inspected, even if the items are permitted, and failure to do so is punishable by fines and a possible jail sentence.

Udstyr

• Headphones with electronic plug adapters. For long flights, some carriers provide them, often for a fee.
• The airline's web site should list permitted electronic devices; on board, look in the in-flight magazine to find the "rules". Perhaps even better than all this, treat yourself to a good book... hardcopy or electronic.
• A light jacket, vest, wrap or small blanket.
• On longer flights, a neck pillow or other kind of pillow, something to pad the small of the back
• Slippers
• Nicotine gum for smokers
• Earplugs or noise-canceling headphones
• Sanitizing wipes
• Avis. Can be used to insulate against the cabin wall.
• Health kit for minor "incidents", e.g., cuts/scratches, stomach upset, slight infections.

Baggage with electronic devices is more likely to be inspected; so pack them to be easily seen. In most countries, laptops and tablet computers are scanned separately; you have to remove it from any cabin baggage holding other items. Make sure its batteries are charged at least enough to "boot" it up for a simple demonstration.

Airport security may confiscate carry-on items they feel are "suspicious", often without recourse. At that point, you would not be able to put those items in your checked baggage, because by then it would already be waiting to be loaded aboard your aircraft.

Carry-on only travel

If you need less baggage, consider taking carry-on only. You don't have to wait to claim baggage, and you might save a baggage fee. Check your ticket for baggage restrictions. However, you can only bring items that pass through airport security. Consider to buy clothes, toiletries and other equipment at the destination. Due to the proliferation of low-cost airlines where the baggage fee sometimes exceeds the ticket price, there are various videos or guides online showing how to fit a week's vacation into a "jacket" and cabin sized backpack. Keep in mind that you may attract more scrutiny trying to pull something like that and checking non pre-booked luggage in at the airport usually costs more than booking it with your flight.

A few airlines actually charge for anything beyond the "personal item" of your hand luggage. If you fly with such an airline paying for checked bags is usually better value anyway.

Alternative baggage delivery

If you want to travel with carry-on only but also have check-in baggage, you can use luggage delivery service. Alternatively, you can use a wardrobe management company like The Traveler's Closet^{[tidligere dødt link]}.

Overveje shipping baggage as cargo, also known as unaccompanied baggage. Many airports have companies that will arrange this for you, and aggregators like xsbaggage can find one for you. Fees can be quite high, and your bags will be shipped separately ...necessarily a few and perhaps several days earlier. Instead of claiming them at your destination airport, you'll have to arrange collection or delivery somewhere else. For international locations, you may need to do customs declarations/claims for them.

Baggage to be checked

Se også: Pakke liste

Checked baggage allows more weight and volume than your hand baggage, and allows restricted items such as knives and liquids. It is however more exposed to theft, weather, and forceful baggage handling.

Pressurized containers, explosives, hazardous materials and weapons (or items that se like weapons) are prohibited, both in cabin and check-in baggage. For the USA, see the TSA's guide to Transporting Special Items. Note also "Carry-on Contents" below.

Consider customizing the outside of your checked baggage with tape, colored belts, etc., so you can find it easily at baggage claim...and no one else can claim it "erroneously".

If you take as much as you are allowed, purchases on your trip may make your bag(s) overweight on your return trip, requiring extra fees. One alternative might be to donate or discard enough used clothing before returning home to offset your purchases. If you plan a lot of shopping, consider packing a collapsible bag for your return trip. Outbound it should induce little weight and so no fee in you check bag(s); homeward bound it can prevent a piece from becoming overweight. To ensure no weight overage, you might use a bathroom weight scale at home. Later, an accurate handheld scale can be useful; lacking that, ask about a scale at the hotel having just packed for your return.

Most airports have baggage carts for rent, but you often need local currency, usually coins. In some countries, you cannot take these carts through security checkpoints. Some airports offer free carts, more often in areas for arriving flights. Most airports and hotels have porters, usually working for tips. Elsewhere, you'll likely be entirely on your own.

Andre bekymringer

On small aircraft, you might need to check in standard-dimension hand baggage. Most airlines don't charge for such checking, but it increases risk of theft. With airlines that charge extra fees for all checked bags, baggage costs can become punitive. If in doubt, check in advance with your agent or airline for each leg on your itinerary.

Some low cost carriers (e.g. Ryanair) have no free checked baggage allowance and charge per kilo. Large items such as sport equipment might induce more fees, special baggage check-in, and extra time to be claimed on arrival.

Overweight baggage

For checked baggage, every kilo (or centimeter) over the limit may be charged some fixed fee or a percentage of the airfare. This can get expensive, especially on budget airlines.

• Once you place your bag on the scales at check-in, some airlines will not allow you to take out contents; even if they do, it is an embarrassing hassle.
• If you were close to the allowed weights outbound, make sure you wear the same (weights of) clothes back home.

If you know your bags will be definitely overweight, consult your airline. They may offer baggage upgrades before arrival at the airport for less than excess-baggage fees at the airline counter. Pre-booking excess baggage online can come with discounts.

Most airlines have an absolute maximum weight limit for a single checked item, often 32 kg; this is for the health and safety of the baggage handlers loading the aircraft.

As an alternative to excess baggage, consider sending your excess items by post or courier.

Medicin

Har documentation that all medicin belong to you. Take no more meds than you need on your trip. Keep all in their original containers (over-the-counter and Rx) so that baggage inspectors (especially customs) will have an indicator of what's inside. Make sure that no substance is illegal in any country you will visit or transit. For some countries, you need government permission to carry the meds within its borders.

• Some countries (e.g., Japan) may have unexpected restrictions on basic medications, even at-home over-the-counter items, e.g., anti-histamines. They will be confiscated if discovered.
• Det consequences for unauthorized medications can be severe, e.g., immediate confiscation, fine, arrest, possible prison.

How to pack

Pack as much as possible of check-in baggage contents in resealable plastic bags. They help security inspections and repacking, and protect against rain or being soiled. If you choose to seal them (e.g., if zip-lock bags), "burp" them of excess air; otherwise, at altitude the bags may burst. They are equally useful returning, e.g., to keep soiled items separate from other content.

Checked baggage is often tossed about in transit. Fragile items should be carefully packed, or preferably carried in hand baggage. Anvendelse af en FRAGILE sticker to checked baggage is rarely sufficient to change the way baggage handlers care for bags. Place heavy items toward the bottom of bags. Do not mix heavy and fragile items in the same bag. Any content likely to trigger a manual inspection should be placed where it will be quickly seen as the bag is opened.

For containers of substantial liquids, choose rugged screw-capped bottles with tops not designed to pop open, even if you must buy them separately and manually fill them at home. Otherwise, use new/unopened bottles of product still sealed. Consider taping any pop-open cap tightly to the rest of the container as well as the opening. Put each bottle in a separate, burped and sealed plastic bag to protect other baggage contents. Even better, if your destination(s) have such products for sale, you can save weight, space and bother by buying them there.

Glass containers and other fragile items must be packed well. Put them individually in plastic bags and seal with a knot or their zip-lock. Wrap them in clothes or towels and place them in the middle of your bag between other soft items. The overall bag needs to be tightly packed.

Never put unprocessed film in checked baggage. X-rays destroy unprocessed film. Magnetic tape may be affected by repeated exposure to strong x-rays.

Preventing and recovering lost baggage

Place identification on both the outside and inside of your bag. Rugged, well-attached baggage tags are crucial...with at least name, address, phone. Prefere those that have a flap to cover your identity.

• Copies of your trip itinerary inside and in an outside pocket can be equally useful, including name, address, telephone number, e-mail address, flight number(s) and your itinerary. Airlines or others must have this to locate you or forward your baggage if your tag or the airline tag comes off or baggage gets mis-routed.
• If packing a box, put your name, address and phone numbers in big block letters and numbers on at least 2 opposite sides, plus an itinerary sheet inside. Do not use a return address unless you are shipping something as air freight. Checked baggage should have only ONE address.

If an airline "loses" bags, it often loses one rather than all, except for major delays and flight cancellations. Distribute clothes and other equipment for everyone in the group between bags, so everyone has something to use until the "lost" bag is found. Delayed baggage coming in on a later flight is far more common than truly "lost" baggage (over 24 hrs.) Take a photo of all your checked baggage for identification; this is useful to cross language barriers. Lost or delayed baggage is more common if you depart from a larger airport than a smaller one. This includes transfers en route; the size of your arrival airport is less important. Non-stop flights decrease the risk of baggage hassles.

• As a last resort, airlines can search a worldwide database of the contents of bags that have been misdirected... based on passenger declarations of contents at lost-baggage offices. They do not catalog each item inside a bag, so declare one unique, easily-seen item in your bag to help the airline find it. All the more reason to place copies of your itinerary inside and outside your checked bags.

Two ways to reinforce baggage, are:

• Tightly applying brightly-colored baggage straps. Ensure any strap-ends are well-secured/tucked-in so they won't be snagged in handling. The colors will help you find your checked bags.
• In major departure airports, you may find a baggage-indpakning service. For a fee, they will wrap a piece of baggage in multiple layers of plastic sheeting. (Such wrap is not permitted if your baggage will go through U.S. and some other countries' security screening; they must be able to quickly inspect contents manually.) Wrapping occurs before you present the baggage at the airline counter to be checked. Make sure the weight of the wrap doesn't make the item overweight. Also make sure your name tag is clearly visible...preferably outside the wrap.

Securing your bags

A few steps can help deter damage and tyveri, but can be compromised because items must be ready for security inspections.

Airports do electronic and/or manual inspection of bags. At a manual inspection, the bag is opened. If locked by other than approved locks for that country (e.g., by TSA for the U.S.), inspectors must cut or break them (and perhaps the zipper-pulls they're applied to) to get inside. If you check hard-shelled suitcases with "built-in" locks, consult the airline or your travel agen for usability.

After manual inspection, bags are re-packed and re-secured by inspectors, with your lock, your baggage strap and/or a plastic tie joining the zipper-pulls. If plastic ties have been applied, you might need a cutting tool. Put it in an outside pocket of the suitcase. Inspectors usually leave a note inside an inspected bag.

You may be directed to check one or more bags (that you expect to carry-on) at the ticket counter, aircraft gate or as you step board. Reasons can include:

• You have over-packed one or more of them, or have too many. This can involve a major fee.
• Part of your journey is on a small plane with limited cabin space.
• If one of the last to board, the cabin might run out of space. They announce that those not yet seated must allow large carry-on baggage to be taken to the hold; items will receive special tags. Carry-ons are much more likely to contain valuables, and so are often targeted by thieves. You should lock them after passing the personal security check. If practicable, snugly apply a baggage strap. You'll usually claim "checked carry-ons" at the baggage claim. For smaller aircraft, you may have gate- or ramp-checked your carry-on, and it may well be returned to you as you depart the aircraft.

Some travelers take extra precautions with checked bags...some expensive:

• To locate their bags at baggage claim, they fasten flashers/beepers to the outside that they can trigger by a device they carry.
• Others may place GPS tracking devices inside their baggage that indicate its location...helpful if lost or misrouted.

Special luggage

It is usually possible to bring special oversize luggage, in top of your main check-in bag. This can be sports equipment (golf, skis, bicycle etc), musical instrument etc. They should be prebooked, and you should ask before booking your main ticket if they are allowed. Some flights don't allow such luggage. If you travel with expensive sports equipment (SCUBA gear, parachute, etc.), chances are you might be allowed to take them into the aircraft cabin. Chances are higher if your destination is used to that kind of equipment. Taking SCUBA gear to Egypt and a parachute to Dubai should be hassle free, but the other way around, taking it on board might be declined.

There is an extra fee, which can be $400 for a long-distance return ticket. Wheel-chairs and baby-strollers are normally allowed without extra cost, but should also be prebooked.

Clothing

Se også: Clothing

The days of wearing one's "Sunday Best" on a plane are now mostly gone and even business travelers or celebrities will nowadays dress for comforts more than looks. That said, there's no need to be disheveled or forego a shower. Even if you sleep at the airport, there's usually an option to clean yourself. Outside baggage allowance, passengers can wear as much clothes as they prefer, including heavy outdoor clothes... within reasonable limits. Cabin temperature may vary in-flight, especially when flying overnight. Dress in adjustable lag.

• Brug en soft jacket for warmth.
• Blankets and pillows are usually offered on long flights, and/or in business class. Other passengers can consider to bring them.
• Warm socks/slipper-socks can be useful. Wear your shoes when walking to the toilet, as their floors may be wet, even filthy. Cabin walls and cabin air near exit doors can get cold. If you have a window seat, you'll likely need something to insulate against the wall...even a few sheets of newspaper can help remarkably. If near an exit door, you may need all the clothing layers you can access, especially if you can't get a blanket.

It has been said that passengers who fly in a business suit receive better service. While wearing a suit instead of packing it can save baggage space, you risk soiling it.

Airplane interiors can be filthy, especially on budget airlines. Consider wearing something in-flight that you can doff soon after disembarking to wash/clean it later. Hvis traveling for business, put at least one business outfit in your hand baggage.

When leaving a cold region for a warm one, you can leave winter wear at home if air transit is short. Consider leaving winter garments with friends if they take you to the airport and pick you up on return.

For travel to a cold region from warm, use layers and carry at least a lined jacket; it may be some time before you get the clothes from your checked baggage.

Pas på dig selv

Se også: Rådgivning til nervøse flyers, Flight and health

While the risk for lethal accidents is very low on commercial airlines, delays and cancellations are frequent.

• Check government sources and reliable news sources for travel warnings. If they show potential for trouble (strikes, political unrest, natural disasters, etc), check with your agent, airline or airport (e.g., website) about your travel. Whether or not you are a U.S. citizen, you may be interested in the U.S. State Department's travel warnings and those by other relevant governments. Those warnings can affect departures from U.S. or other airports to areas having a warning, og departures from such locales to your country.
• Consider the safety record of the airline, the aircraft it uses, and airport reputations if flying into smaller airfields or developing countries. Also look for flight segments you've been offered under a code-sharing arrangement, where you book on a reputable airline but actually fly on a different one for any part of your trip. You may then be flying an airline or aircraft with a poorer or unknown safety record, or that has baggage capacity less than you may need for your trip. Note that airlines from developing countries (such as Air Zimbabwe) can have outstanding safety records, so don't make assumptions. Det europæiske Union bans a bunch of airlines from its airspace. The list is a matter of public record, but the reasons are sometimes arguably political. That said, you may want to follow the EU's lead in not using an airline even if the reason is "political".

Hvis du har health issues, consult your doctor and ensure the airline knows about any condition that might be problematic for flying well before the start of the trip – even before you pay for tickets. Airlines can often help you if you have physical limitations or some medical condition.

Fifty countries worldwide, including China, South Africa, Argentina, Australia and New Zealand require that insecticides (usually residual types) be used on planes. If the airline (e.g., Hawaiian Airlines) does not use residual insecticide, the plane may be sprayed in-flight. If you are sensitive to such chemicals, ask in-advance what is used.

Forsikring

Hovedartikel: Rejseforsikring

Travel insurance cost depends on trip cost and duration, age of travelers, level of coverage requested for certain problems, and destination country.

Airline insurance purchased with the ticket will often focus only on the airline's responsibilities, while a quality, overall travel policy will cover most/all risks of your end-to-end trip. You may obtain better rates for a general policy by buying a it through or from an association you belong to, e.g., AAA, AA, AARP. Very-frequent travelers should consider long-term (annual) policies; coverage can be equivalent while costing much less per trip.

Flight insurance (for death or major dismemberment while flying to a single destination) has also become a very poor investment. The probability is extremely low that you or your relatives will receive nogen benefit...because flying has become so safe.

Pre-flight checks

Reconfirming your flight

In general, it is no longer necessary to call the airline to reconfirm flights, as reservation systems are fairly reliable. Check the reservation online, and call the airline only if there are problems.

The main exceptions are when you are flying way off the beaten track on an airline that doesn't (or looks like it doesn't!) do computerized reservations, especially when there won't be another flight for a week. Off the beaten track in Indonesien, for example, it's wise to reconfirm not just once but twice — although you may still get bumped off if a VIP and his harem show up at the last minute.

Checking your reservation

Double-check that your itinerary is still correct. Not only can you check that everything is order, but also you can see whether any waitlists have cleared, flight times have changed, your special requests are recorded, etc. Most legacy carriers offer checking through a website, smartphone app, and telephone. Check in good time, as in case of flight cancellation or overbooking, you might be able to catch an earlier flight. If your carrier changes the itinerary. they or your agent will try to contact you, but they may not reach you in time. There are a number of online services for reservation checking; however, you'll have to figure out which reservation system was used to do the booking. This is usually printed at the top of your itinerary, but if all else fails you can always ask the agent.

• Abacus/Sabre
• Amadeus
• Apollo/Galileo
• Selvom Worldspan also offers such information, it is now accessible only to those with a valid Worldspan server installation, and ready to use ID and GDS for sign-on.

Budget airline flights often will not show up in these systems.

I tilfælde af severe weather (e.g. blizzard, fog) or recent airport closures, get in touch with your airline before you leave home to see whether your flight is delayed or cancelled. If your flight is cancelled, and you have been put on the waitlist for a future flight, don't come to the airport, until the airline informed you that you can fly on the flight for which you are waitlisted. Check occasionally to learn of any progress.

Online check-in

Se også: At_the_airport#Check-in

Most carriers now offer online check-in of some form where passengers can at least initiate the check-in process on an internet-enabled device (e.g. personal computer, smartphone, tablet) before arriving at the airport. The online check-in window opens anytime from 24 hours (especially for flights involving the US) to 30 days (for low cost carriers based in Europe) before departure. Nowadays, online check-in may be the only way to initiate the check-in process for some low-cost carriers (e.g. Ryanair). To begin online check-in, passengers have to log on to their carrier's website or open their carrier's mobile app (which can be downloaded from their device's app store). They will need the booking reference or their username and password for the airline's website (if they booked the flight while logged on using their account) and follow instructions from there. For international flights, passengers may also need to supply details found in their passports. They can select their preferred seats, add extra bags, provide their frequent flyer number for mileage accrual, and purchase other extras (depending on the carrier). At the end of the process, passengers may be given the option to print their boarding card or download it to their phones.

For nogle flyrejser er online check-in muligvis ikke mulig eller kommer med begrænsninger, selvom flyselskabet rutinemæssigt tilbyder online check-in. Dette er især tilfældet, hvis passageren flyver på en rute, hvor personalet skal se yderligere dokumenter (f.eks. Visum) og udføre yderligere sikkerhedskontrol. Selvom online check-in er mulig, og passagererne ikke har nogen tasker, kan transportøren stadig kræve, at de fortsætter til et udpeget skrivebord i lufthavnen for at få flere kontroller.

Hvis en passager ikke kan tjekke ind online eller udskrive / downloade sit boardingkort af en eller anden grund, fungerer check-in-kioskerne i lufthavnen på samme måde og udsteder et boardingkort. Når online-indtjekningsdelen er afsluttet, kan passagerer med tasker aflevere dem ved et udpeget flyselskabsdesk i lufthavnen for at fortsætte processen.

Den specifikke mekanik ved check-in varierer pr. Transportør; tjek din operatørs websted, inden du forlader hjemmet.

Andre fjernindtjekningsmetoder

Nogle luftfartsselskaber tilbyder også check-in på stationer uden for lufthavnens lokaler. De tilbudte faciliteter ligner det, der findes i a traditionel check-in station i lufthavnen, men kan ofte komme med et ekstra gebyr eller kan kun benyttes af passagerer, der rejser via bestemte måder til lufthavnen (f.eks. lufthavnstog). I stadig sjældnere tilfælde kan nogle luftfartsselskaber også tilbyde SMS eller telefoncheck, hvorved en passager fortsætter til et udpeget skrivebord ved ankomsten til lufthavnen.

Se også

• Grundlæggende om rejser

Færdig? Gå videre til næste afsnit i denne vejledning: I lufthavnen →