Penge - Money

Se Wikivoyage: Valuta for redigering af retningslinjer for valutaudtryk.

Oplysninger om bruger penge er dækket af handle ind, og Købe sektion af destinationsguider. Denne artikel indeholder generel information om opnåelse penge i deres forskellige former til brug på mange destinationer, ofte med andre valutaer end hjemme.

Der er en række måder at skaffe og udveksle penge under rejsen på. Du bytter altid udgifter, risiko og bekvemmelighed. Desværre har organiserede og andre kriminelle udviklet adskillige måder at tage dine penge på. Kreditkort har lovlige grænser for, hvor meget du er ansvarlig, hvis du bruger det ulovligt. Debet- og ATM-kort har andre risici og fordele. Denne artikel diskuterer, hvordan man bruger dem, deres risici, og hvordan man får valuta eller kontanter.

Valutakurser

Signer med valutakurser i Kasakhstan

Valutaveksling svarer til aktiemarkedet; meget store daglige ændringer i satser er imidlertid usædvanlige. Før og mens du rejser, skal du kende de relative markedsværdier for din hjemvaluta og valuta, hvor du skal rejse. Valutakurser er tilgængelige gennem adskillige kilder, såsom forretningsnyhedskanaler, forretningsafdelinger i aviser, bankwebsteder, finansieringswebsteder, valutavekslingssider og populære søgemaskiner som Google, Yahoo og andre konverterer direkte i søgefeltet. Du kan også downloade en række forskellige apps eller bruge de forudinstallerede konverteringsapps, der leveres med nogle smartphones. Men som det vil blive diskuteret nedenfor og i efterfølgende afsnit, vil den faktiske sats, der vil blive brugt til detailkonverteringer, ofte være flere procentpoint dårligere, da valutaboder er virksomheder og har brug for at finde en måde at tjene indkomst på.

Det er vigtigt at vide, om en given kurs er antallet af udenlandske enheder i din hjemvaluta eller omvendt. At få det baglæns kan være en meget dyre fejl. Denne fejl vil sandsynligvis ske, hvis begge valutaer ligger inden for to eller tre gange hinanden i værdi. Den bedste måde at undgå enhver sammenblanding er at finde ud af, om en valutaenhed på din destination er værd mere eller mindre end din hjemvaluta. Du kan også bruge online- og mobilkonverteringsværktøjer beskrevet i foregående afsnit til grov vejledning. For eksempel er det britiske pund mere end en amerikansk dollar værd, mens den japanske yen er langt mindre værd end en amerikansk dollar. Valutaer, der er mere værd, skal have en sats, der er større end en - brug denne multiplikator. Omvendt skal valutaer, der er mindre værd, begynde med et decimal (for eksempel: 0,2345) - brug også denne multiplikator. Hvis du kun har satsen i den anden retning, gensidig eller omvendt tasten på en lommeregner (normalt 1 / X) ændrer den tilbage. For eksempel, hvis du har en sats på 4,264, men ved, at den er mindre værd end din hjemvaluta, skifter den gensidige nøgle den til 0,2345 igen (ca.). Som en fejlkontrol skal de to former for hastigheden ganget sammen være tæt på en (0,9999, 1.0001 eller lignende). Hvis du har en sats for køb og omvendt for salg, skal du notere spredning under.

Begge former for valutakurs tjener et formål. Ved hjælp af det foregående eksempel modtager du ved ankomst 4.264 enheder udenlandsk valuta for hver enhed i din hjemvaluta (minus gebyrer). Ved afgang modtager du 0,2345 enheder af din hjemvaluta for hver enhed tilovers med fremmed valuta (igen med fradrag af gebyrer). Multiplicer ligeledes med 0,2345 for at konvertere udenlandske priser til din hjemvaluta.

Ved valutatællere vises både en "køb" og en "salgspris" for din hjemvaluta. Jo tættere disse er på hinanden (kaldet "spredning"), jo bedre er aftalen. De offentliggjorte internationale markedskurser (kun tilgængelige for dem, der bytter svarende til US $ millioner) skal være midt i købs- og salgsprisen. Mindre almindeligt ombyttede valutaer vil sandsynligvis have en stor spredning, hvilket gør det ret dyrt at købe og sælge.

Ud over valutakurserne ved en valutatæller også bemærk alle gebyrer, der opkræves for enhver transaktion. Nogle kan være faste, andre variable og indbygget i den anvendte hastighed. Nettoprisen til valutaveksling er ofte væsentligt højere end at opnå valuta med ATM (med forbehold for din banks gebyrer), da omkostningerne er større for banktællere og kontorlokaler (især i lufthavne).

Hvis du skal bytte penge for at shoppe, er renten den, der inkluderer gebyrerne. Du får det ved at dividere mængden af ​​udenlandske penge, du får, med mængden af ​​indenlandske penge, du betaler. Da du ikke ønsker at bruge din lommeregner hele tiden, er det en god ide at finde et groft skøn, som du kan tælle med lidt indsats med. Hvis du afrunder op til 5 i dette eksempel, kan du gange med fem (eller dividere med to og flytte decimaltegnet) for at få en konservativ pris i din egen valuta. Derefter afviser du ethvert tilbud, der ikke er billigere end derhjemme med den sats - faktisk 15% billigere - eller bruger din lommeregner til tilbud, der kommer tæt på. Hvis du er god til matematik og brøker, kan du normalt finde noget, der kommer nærmere end det.

Kontanter

Kontanter fra hele verden

Kontanter er en traditionel og alsidig betalingsmetode, og den kan stadig bruges til at betale for de fleste generelle varer og tjenester, du har brug for, mens du rejser. Dog kan kontanter ikke bruges til alle køb. Der er også begrænsninger for at transportere eller sende penge over nationale grænser (se under).

Undgå at have noter af for stor værdi. Hvis din note er en uges løn værd, er det få steder, der kan give ændringer. Hvis du besøger et område, der er fattigere end dit eget land, kan kun overraskende små sedler være anvendelige. Også i rige lande vil små boder, busser osv. Måske ikke tage store noter. Hvis du spiller dårlig når forhandlinger, vil du ikke vise store sedler, når du betaler. Nogle steder er ingen ændring trick er en almindelig fidus.

De fleste lande kræver, at du har kontanter i den lokale valuta. I nogle udviklingslande forventes det imidlertid, at du som turist bruger en hård valuta (se under) snarere end den lokale valuta - typisk amerikanske dollars eller euro eller en regional hård valuta. I nogle turistområder, lufthavne, fly og grænseregioner kan du muligvis klare dig med enhver større valuta eller grænselandets valuta. Ofte vil dette være en ekstra udgift indbygget i valutakursen. Macau accepterer praktisk talt Hongkong-dollars på 1: 1-basis med patacaen, og forskellen kan ikke mærkes for mindre transaktioner. At udveksle Macaus penge tilbage til Hongkong-dollars uden for Macau er dog ret dyrt, hvis ikke umuligt, selv i Hongkong. Grænseoverskridende transportrelaterede afgifter fra Malaysia til Singapore accepterer Singapore-dollars på 1: 1-basis, da vekselen kommer sælgeren til gode. Det fungerer ikke omvendt.

Kontanter kan ikke bruges til alle køb. En masse kioskbaserede transaktioner (f.eks. På McDonalds) og mobilapp-baserede transaktioner accepterer ikke kontanter. De fleste biludlejningsselskaber har brug for et kreditkort. Store hoteller kræver ofte et kreditkort eller en stor kontant obligation. Hvis du kun har kontanter, vil du være i køen til disse billetter, mens dine naboer har hoppet i køen og gået til maskinen uden kø, der kun accepterer kreditkort eller købt billetterne online på vej derhen. Visse nummerskiltafgifter kan kun betales med et kort online, og der er ingen praktisk metode for en turist at betale kontant. Kontanter giver dig ikke mulighed for at leje en bikeshare Washington DC, eller fyld dit transitkort på en station i Sydney. Større hotelkæder i Norden accepterer ikke længere kontante betalinger, ligesom nogle museer i samme region. Offentlige transportsystemer over hele verden - også steder som Managua - slipper helt af kontanter og kræver betaling med et specialbygget kort i stedet.

En anden ulempe for kontanter er risiko. Hvis du mister det, kan du ikke få det tilbage, og hvis nogen finder ud af, at du har en stor mængde kontanter, bliver du et potentielt mål for en tyv eller røver. Nogle forsvar diskuteres i lommetyver artikel, men der er ikke noget fuldstændigt forsvar - at bære kontanter indebærer altid en risiko. Rejseforsikring kan dække tab eller tyveri af kontanter til en bestemt værdi. Hvis du får en forfalsket note eller får den forkerte ændring fra en virksomhed, har du normalt ikke en lille mulighed.

Når du bruger lokale penge, skal du gøre dig bekendt med de grundlæggende seddeldesign og deres sikkerhedsfunktioner (vandmærker, hologrammer osv.) Og passe på forfalskninger og forældede valutaer. Sørg for at slå op på valutakursen, inden du starter din rejse, og slå det op fra dag til dag for at se, om det svinger meget. Hvis du har glemt at gøre det og har brug for en grov ballpark-figur, har lufthavne og bankudvekslinger normalt nøjagtige (hvis nogle gange dårlige) valutakurser. Husk: forskellen mellem køb og salg er deres fortjeneste, så jo lavere det er, desto bedre er satsen. Naturligvis gælder alt dette ikke for lande med en "officiel" valutakurs, der ikke har noget at gøre med den faktiske værdi af deres valuta eller lande med løbende inflation. (Venezuela og Zimbabwe indtil 2015 er eksempler på dette.) Banker og pengevekslere (der opererer uden for et kontor, ikke blinkende kontanter fra en frakkelomme) er næsten altid sikre, men taxachauffører og småhandlere kan blive fristet til at palm af ubrugelige noter. I tvivlstilfælde skal du afvise ukendte noter. Vær også særlig mistænksom over for store noter, da de mere almindeligt forfalskes.

For at købe fra gadesælgere skal du medbringe kontanter

Hvis du har til hensigt at ændre dine penge i udlandet, skal du sørge for at medbringe sedler fra din egen valuta kun i god stand og kun det seneste (gen) design (medmindre det er virkelig ny). Banker på din destination kan ikke let eller billigt bytte udslidt valuta til udskiftning, som de kan med deres lands egen valuta. Brugt papirvaluta kan blive devalueret - hvis det overhovedet accepteres. Selv om det er i god stand, accepteres tidligere mønstre af din valuta muligvis ikke på grund af forfalskningsproblemer. Hvis du har til hensigt at bruge amerikanske dollars i udlandet, skal du være opmærksom på de specifikke serier, der accepteres, og kun tage skarpe noter. Hvis du erhverver amerikanske dollars til at tage til andre lande end USA, så lad banken eller udveksle det vide, så de kan give dig nyere sedler i den rigtige serie.

Der er normalt ingen grænse for mængden af ​​din egen valuta, du kan tage til eller ud af et andet land. Du skal dog angive beløb over en bestemt værdi. Normalt omkring US $ 10.000 eller tilsvarende - men læs immigrationsformularerne omhyggeligt. Nogle lande har grænser for mængden af ​​lokal valuta, du kan tage med dig fra landet. Tjek lokale guider.

Hvor kan man få eller udveksle kontanter

Bytteboks, Tiraspol

Bemærk: Situationen varierer i hvert land og endda hver lokalitet. Hvad der muligvis er den bedste måde at få lokale kontanter i et land er ikke den mest ideelle måde overalt ellers og omvendt. Tipene nedenfor er den mulige generelle praksis, og det er bedst at henvise til de relevante lande- og byguider for mere information.

I mange lande er det bedste løsning (givet bekvemmelighed og typisk god valutakurs) er at brug en pengeautomat i destinationslandet i stedet for at bringe store mængder kontanter til udveksling. Der er typisk større gebyrer og dårligere valutakurser forbundet med at udveksle kontanter ved hjælp af en pengeautomat (se afsnittet nedenfor om kort og brug af pengeautomat). En undtagelse fra denne regel er det asiatiske finansielle knudepunkt for Singapore, hvor små, uafhængige pengevekslere ofte giver bedre renter end banker eller kreditkortselskaber, især når man bytter større beløb.

Pengeudvekslinger fungerer på basis af at sælge en fremmed valuta til en kurs og købe til en anden. Sørg for, at du kender nuværende interbank valutakurs inden du forlader hjemmet. Hvor der er mere konkurrence, vil satserne sandsynligvis blive bedre. De mest praktiske udvekslingssteder (som f.eks. I lufthavne, indkøbscentre eller større hoteller) har generelt de dårligste priser. Hvis det er muligt, skal du kontrollere forskellen (eller spredningen) mellem "vi sælger" og "vi køber". Når dette er mere end 10%, bliver du bestemt flået af. Nogle pengevekslere tilbyder dog ikke den samme spredning på begge sider af mellemhastigheden. I et turistområde sælger de muligvis lokal valuta længere fra mellemhastigheden end købet - velvidende at de fleste af deres transaktioner er med turist, der har brug for at bruge i den lokale valuta. De bedste børser kan være så lave som 1,5% fra mellemhastigheden. Kontroller også, om der er en ekstra fast provision for hver transaktion, og tag det med i din beregning. Vær forsigtig, når du støder på et "ingen provision" eller "0% provision" -tegn: det kan betyde, at det normalt er muligt at udveksle udenlandsk valuta direkte med banker. Du kan normalt stole på, at en bank ikke har de bedste eller værste tilgængelige priser. Nogle banker underholder dig kun, hvis du har store beløb og / eller har en konto hos dem eller deres tilknyttede virksomheder i dit hjemland, og andre har outsourcet deres udvekslingsfunktion til et udvekslingsbureau. En anden ulempe er, at de for det meste har begrænsede driftstimer, så i weekender og helligdage har du ikke lykken. Valutaboder, der er knyttet til bonde butikker, kan være værd at prøve til rimelige priser. Nogle institutioner kræver identifikation, inden de udveksler valuta, især for større beløb.

I nogle tilfælde kan det være bedre at veksle dine penge, inden du rejser, i andre kan det være bedre at gøre det på din destination. Som en almindelig regel har de mindre kendte valutaer i verden mindre gunstige valutakurser uden for det land, hvor de er lovligt betalingsmiddel, i. Faktisk kan de først konverteres til en velkendt valuta som den amerikanske dollar, før de konverteres tilbage til værtsvalutaen også til ugunstige kurser. Hvis dette er tilfældet, skal du konvertere din hjemvaluta til en større valuta (normalt den amerikanske dollar) inden du forlader, og derefter udveksle den største valuta til værtsvalutaen, når du ankommer. Du har også mere tid til at shoppe efter de bedste priser, inden du rejser. På din destination tager det noget af din værdifulde ferietid at finde pengeveksleren med de bedste priser.

De fleste større valutaer er forfalsket i disse dage. Undersøg noterne til det fremmede lands valuta for at blive fortrolig med, hvordan det skal se ud og føles. Næsten alle valutaer anvender forfalskningsteknologier, herunder farveforskydende blæk, vandmærker, specielle tråde, iriserende blæk, hævet udskrivning, hologrammer og andre funktioner. Vær fortrolig med dem, så du hurtigt kan kontrollere dem, når du får en ny note, hvad enten det er fra skift fra en større note eller fra en pengeveksling. Hvis du er usikker, skal du ikke være bange for at sige, at du hellere vil få en anden note eller sige, at du hellere vil få to mindre noter til forandring. (For eksempel, hvis du får en ti i ændring, som du ikke kan lide udseendet af, skal du bede om to 5'ere i stedet.) Hvis du ender med en forfalskning, får du ikke kompensation, når du forlader den, der gav den til dig, og du bliver muligvis nødt til at forklare det for politiet.

Udveksling på det sorte marked

I nogle lande er den officielle valutakurs fastlagt til en helt urimelig eller urealistisk kurs. I disse lande sorte marked vil give en langt mere realistisk vurdering af valutaens værdi og er praktisk talt uundgåelig. For eksempel var den officielle valutakurs i 2007 250 Zimbabwe dollars til den amerikanske dollar, mens den sorte markedskurs nåede 600.000: 1.

Imidlertid, risikoen ved udveksling af sorte markeder er legion. Først og fremmest er det sorte marked udveksling ulovlig og både køber og sælger kan blive udsat for alvorlige sanktioner, hvis de bliver fanget: sælgeren kan endda være (eller arbejde sammen med) en politibetjent, der vil fange turister. For det andet risikoen for svig er høj: du kan få forældede pengesedler, falske sedler, mindre end det lovede beløb eller slet ikke noget. Overvej nøje, om du i første omgang er nødt til at veksle, da virksomheder i lande med kurvvalutaer ofte mere end glade for at acceptere hård valuta direkte i stedet (selvom dette også ofte vil være ulovligt), og du kan få alt den lokale valuta, du har brug for tilbage som ændring.

Skift kun lidt på ét sted og resten andetsteds, så hvis du bliver snydt, vil det være mindre tab.

Hovedretningen til vellykkede sorte markedstransaktioner er at modtage pengene inden du afleverer din. Tæl noterne, inspicer noterne omhyggeligt, sammenlign dem med dem, du allerede har, og kun der, overgiv dine egne penge til sælgeren. Lade være med tillad dem at tage de penge tilbage, de gav dig, da det er her, forskellige træk i hånden kan trækkes for at erstatte det legitime bundt med noget helt andet.

I lande, hvor valutakurserne er rimelige, er det bedst at undgå det sorte marked fuldstændigt: du risikerer at miste alle dine penge for højst lidt gevinst.

En undtagelse kan gælde i lande som f.eks Nepal og Indien hvor en juridisk udveksling i en bank kan indebære spild af en time eller mere, men de fleste hoteller vil ændre penge for dig med det samme og ret sikkert. Satsen er måske ikke meget bedre, men bekvemmeligheden er.

Konvertibel valuta

Souq (traditionelt marked) af Tunis

EN konvertibel valuta er en valuta, der let kan konverteres til et andet lands valuta; omvendt, en uoverskuelig valuta er teoretisk værdiløs uden for oprindelseslandet. Et par lande, ligesom Cubaudsteder stadig en konvertibel valuta til turister og en ukonvertibel valuta for lokalbefolkningen. I nogle lande som Tunesien og Indien, import eller eksport (uoverskuelig) dinarer og rupees er forbudt, selvom sådanne regler sjældent håndhæves for små mængder. Stadig, finde ud af lovene på forhånd og følg dem.

Konvertibilitet er fastlagt ved lov og ikke altid afspejlet i virkeligheden: nogle valutaer som Indisk rupee er uomvendelige i teorien, men ret lette at handle i praksis, mens andre kan lide Swazi lilangeni er i teorien fuldt konvertible, men næsten umulige at sælge eller købe i det meste af verden.

På trods af navnet kan ofte uomvendelige valutaer være købt med rabat uden for oprindelseslandet, da folk, der holder fast i dem, vil slippe af med dem. Find nogen til købe dem er sværere. Statlige butikker i nogle lande vil også insistere på, at turister producerer udvekslingsbeviser for at bevise, at deres penge blev hentet fra en legitim kilde som en lokal bank til den officielle (normalt dårlige) valutakurs, og sådanne certifikater kræves også ofte, hvis du vil skifte tilbage unødvendige penge inden for landet.

Hvis du rejser til et land med en uoverskuelig valuta eller en, som du i praksis ikke kan købe eller sælge i dit hjemland, skal du konvertere alle dine penge til en større international valuta, inden du forlader landet. Følgende anførte valutaer handles meget aktivt på valutamarkedet og er som sådan bredt tilgængelige og kan byttes i banker hvor som helst i verden:

• amerikansk dollar
• Euro
• Britisk pund
• Japansk yen
• Schweiziske franc
• Canadisk dollar
• Australske dollar
• Newzealandske dollar

Listen er i rækkefølge efter præference, og i virkeligheden kan de første 3 på listen normalt udskiftes på selv det mest fjerntliggende vekselkontor. Selvom det ikke handles så bredt som de otte valutaer, der er anført ovenfor, Kinesisk yuan bliver mere bredt tilgængelig hos skiftere på grund af Kinas stigende status som en stor økonomisk magt.

Hård valuta

I mange fattigere lande med inflationære, ustabile og / eller uomvendelige valutaer kan en udenlandsk hård valuta vise sig mere nyttig end den lokale valuta. Selv om dens værdi svinger, forbliver "guldstandarden" for valutaer den amerikansk dollar. Det kan accepteres som betaling direkte af lokalbefolkningen, men ikke nødvendigvis til en god valutakurs. Faktisk flere lande i Caribien, Amerika og Sydøstasien bruge det som deres de facto - eller endda officiel valuta. Det euro accepteres også i stigende grad godt, i det mindste i regioner med mange europæiske besøgende, og fattigere lande med økonomisk magtfulde naboer kan også acceptere regionale hårde valutaer (såsom Thai baht i Myanmar, Laos og Cambodja, det australsk dollar eller undertiden New Zealand dollar i meget af Oceanien, det sydafrikansk rand i det sydlige Afrika og Indisk rupee i syd Asien). Nogle valutaer har en fast valutakurs i forhold til euroen, den amerikanske dollar eller en anden valuta. Mens nogle er "fastgjort" 1: 1 (Panaman balboa til den amerikanske dollar, Falkland pund til det britiske pund), som ofte ender med at betyde, at begge valutaer accepteres ens, andre som f.eks. Det bosniske konvertible mark er knyttet til andre valutakurser (i dette tilfælde 1 euro for 1,95583 mark) og skal udveksles mere sandsynligt end ikke. Når det er sagt, har disse valutaer tendens til at være svære at veksle til andet end den valuta, de er knyttet til, og bytte er undertiden kun mulig i det land, hvor denne valuta er lovligt betalingsmiddel. Denne "pind" har også en tendens til at gå i stykker, hvis regeringen, der udsteder disse penge, løber tør for hårde euro, dollars eller pund, som de kan købe lokal valuta tilbage med. I en nøddeskal: balboer, Falklands-pund eller bosniske mærker har tendens til ikke at være mere end en souvenir, når du forlader det område, hvor de er officielle.

Hvis hverken dit hjem- eller destinationsland bruger en verdensomspændende velkendt valuta, skal du tage den mest udvekslede hårde valuta til din destination. For eksempel skal en person, der rejser fra Singapore til Mexico, tage amerikanske dollars. Selvom dette indebærer en dobbeltkonvertering, vil det næsten altid vise sig at være billigere end en enkelt konvertering (dvs. valutakursen i Mexico for Singapore-dollars eller i Singapore for mexicanske pesos vil sandsynligvis være forfærdelig).

Du kan også bruge hård valuta, når du handler med lokale ved at tilbyde hård i stedet for lokal valuta. Brug konverteringskursen til din fordel, og lav et tilbud i hård valuta. At vise et par amerikanske dollars i processen kan måske hjælpe, men sørg kun for at vise, hvad du er villig til at betale. Også, hvis du planlægger at prute, skal du sørge for at have små sedler til rådighed, så du ikke behøver meget at skifte tilbage, især hvis du bare pruttede en pris meget lavere. Du ønsker ikke at give en sælger 50 for en vare til en værdi af 5; du vil opfordre sælgeren til at forsøge at sælge flere ting til dig eller, endnu værre, lade lommetyver i nærheden vide, hvor meget du har.

Det er klogt at bære en nødstash af hård valuta adskilt fra alle dine andre ejendele og værdigenstande. Nogle virksomheder, der beskæftiger sig med mange udenlandske turister, accepterer muligvis også udenlandske penge, men næsten altid til en ringere valutakurs for at muliggøre ulemperne.

Mønter

Under de fleste omstændigheder kan du ikke bytte mønter, når du har forladt et land. Udskift dem, inden du rejser, slip dem i en velgørenhedsboks eller souvenir dem. At blive fortrolig med mønter og valuta til dit destinationsland og ikke blande mønter fra forskellige lande i din pung eller lomme kan spare dig for at samle for mange mønter, inden du afgår. For at undgå at akkumulere for mange mønter i første omgang skal du bruge dem så meget som muligt til at betale (i stedet for sedler) under kontanttransaktioner. Nogle lande har mønter, der er relativt store i værdi (såsom 2 euro, 5 Schweizisk francs, 2 Canadisk dollars, 500 Japansk yen eller 5 Bosnisk konvertible mærker), som anbefales at bruge først.

I USA, Storbritannien, Irland og Canada kan du finde en Coinstar maskine i mange supermarkeder. Dette vil tage enhver mindre ændring og konvertere til et e-certifikat for nogle butikker eller som et kupon at bruge i den butik, du er i. Da der opkræves et gebyr på 10% på kuponen spend-in-store, er dette mindre gunstigt end blot at bruge mønter selv i butikken til deres pålydende værdi, men det kan stadig være bedre end at bære mange mønter tilbage til dit hjemland.

Debet-, kredit-, ATM- og forudbetalte kort

Debetkort, kreditkort og forudbetalte kort kan bruges til at trække kontanter fra automatiske kasseautomater (Pengeautomater), betale restauranter og hoteller og foretage køb, hvor de accepteres.

Debetkort kaldes undertiden "checkkort" eller "bankkort", fordi de trækker penge fra din bankkonto, når du bruger dem. ATM-kort er betalingskort, der kun kan trække kontanter fra en pengeautomat. De er knyttet til en konto på samme måde som et betalingskort, men med forskellige risici. (Se "Debet- og pengeautomatkort: risici / kompromiser" nedenfor.)

Kreditkort er ikke knyttet til en konto med midler i den, men opkræves i stedet for en kreditgrænse, der skal tilbagebetales senere.

Forudbetalte kort, undertiden kaldet "rejsepenge" -kort, er kort med lagret værdi, som du fylder op og derefter trækker ned. De kan ofte indeholde en række forskellige valutaer på kortet.

Alle disse kort er normalt mærket med et af kortmærkerne, såsom Visa eller Mastercard. Disse virksomheder letter accept af kortet. Kort, der kun bærer din banks mærke, er normalt kun pengeautomatkort. Disse kort kan bruges i din banks pengeautomater såvel som netværk af pengeautomater og salgssteder, som din bank er medlem af.

Ofte kombineres kredit- og debetfunktioner på et enkelt kort, så du vælger, om du vil bruge bankkontoen eller din kredit, hver gang kortet læses.

Brug af pengeautomater

Kø til en pengeautomat, Aserbajdsjan. Undgå pengeautomater, hvor du skal indtaste pinkoden med folk for tæt på.

Brug af pengeautomater (eller pengeautomater) kan være den mest bekvemme måde at skaffe enhver valuta på mens du er væk hjemmefra, hjemme eller internationalt. Bortset fra i nogle få lande accepteres Mastercard-, Visa- og Cirrus- og Plus-netværkskort i næsten alle pengeautomater verden over. Ved hjælp af en pengeautomat eller betalingskort kommer pengene direkte fra din bankkonto, og det er det normalt den billigste måde at få lokale kontanter på.

De involverede gebyrer varierer afhængigt af din bank, pengeautomatoperatøren og deres forhold. Oplysningerne, der er lagt ud i pengeautomaten eller vises på skærmen, angiver, hvor meget pengeautomatoperatøren opkræver dig; din egen bank / kortudsteder kan tilføje sine egne gebyrer og tillæg, så de samlede gebyrer kan være højere end det, der er angivet på pengeautomaten. Gebyrerne kan prissættes til den anvendte valutakurs eller ikke, eller det kan være et fast gebyr: Tjek din bank / kortudsteders gebyrer for mere information. I EU reguleres gebyrerne, så det er ofte gratis at få euro fra en eurokonto - men ikke med alle kort og ikke med alle pengeautomater.

Pengeautomater verden over følger for det meste et etableret mønster for at hæve kontanter. Indsættelse af dit kort og bekræftelse af dig selv med et personligt identifikationsnummer (PIN), før du angiver størrelsen på din tilbagetrækning. Det kan være muligt intuitivt at bruge en pengeautomat på det lokale sprog. Men nyere pengeautomater eller dem fra større banker eller i turistområder muligvis muligvis at vælge et alternativt, velkendt sprog på startskærmen eller efter isætning af dit kort. Sørg for at være opmærksom på den aktuelle valutakurs, inden du kommer ind i udtrækningsskærmen, da dit udbetalingsbeløb normalt vil være i lokal valuta.

Brug de sikkerhedsforanstaltninger, du ville have derhjemme: Vær opmærksom på, at personer eller skjulte kameraer kan se din PIN-kode, når du indtaster den, og brug en pengeautomat et sikkert sted. Hæveautomater i lufthavne, banklobbyer og indeholdt i indkøbscentre har tendens til at have bedre sikkerhed (installation af et skurk kamera eller kortlæser er vanskeligere der, og sikkerhed vil gribe ind i tilfælde af røveri fra nærliggende tyve). Det er muligt for pengeautomater at blive hacket med malware installeret af kriminelle. Brug af disse maskiner kan derefter give andre mulighed for at dræne din konto. Brug af et kort, der har nogle svindelgarantier, såsom et kreditkort i stedet for et betalingskort, kan give en vis beskyttelse. Brug også maskiner, der drives af større veletablerede banker, som sandsynligvis har bedre svindelforebyggelsessystemer.

Forudbetalte kort, der sælges til rejser, kan normalt bruges i pengeautomater. Nogle forudbetalte kort er muligvis kun begrænset til køb. Kontroller igen gebyrerne.

I udviklede lande er pengeautomater normalt lette at finde i større byer, men ikke nødvendigvis på landet. Selv udviklingslande kan normalt stole på, at de har pengeautomater, men du kan have mere indsats for at finde dem, og de kan være mere upålidelige, når du gør det. Lande med økonomiske sanktioner kan undlade at arbejde med internationale kort. Nogle pengeautomater i udviklingslandene udleverer muligvis kun lokal valuta, hvor turistinstitutioner kun accepterer amerikanske dollars eller lignende. Dette gør en pengeautomat der ubrugelig. Se landets artikler. Nogle pengeautomater tilbyder mere end en valuta, ofte drevet af deres placering og kundebase.

Opmærksom på kloning af kort i lande med stor svig. Tyve placerer muligvis en enhed på en pengeautomats kortlæser for at få fat i dine kortoplysninger eller opfanger dataene, når du bruger dit kort i en restaurant eller butik, og opretter derefter en kopi af dit kort, som de selv kan bruge. For at mindske risikoen for, at nogen kloner dit kort, skal du kigge efter pengeautomater på steder, der er godt oplyste og synlige for medarbejderne. Undersøg kortlæseren på en pengeautomat, inden du bruger den - hvis den er underlig, har en løs komponent eller ikke matcher andre pengeautomater i nærheden, ikke bruge det.

Du kan blive opkrævet et gebyr for at kontrollere din saldo af din bank. Nogle gange vil din saldo imidlertid blive udskrevet gratis på en kvittering for kontant hævning; et sidste trin kan spørge, om du vil have en. Med de forskellige valutakurser og gebyrer er beløbet, der vises på skærmen, muligvis ikke nøjagtigt. Den bedste måde at kontrollere din saldo uden gebyr på er at bruge internetbank eller din banks smartphone-app. Når du ser din kontoaktivitet online, konverteres dine hæveautomater og køb til din hjemvaluta. Traditionelt har du muligvis ikke modtaget en saldo på en udenlandsk pengeautomat, eller den vises muligvis kun i en fremmed valuta. Imidlertid vil mange moderne pengeautomater vise din aktuelle saldo i din lokale valuta og hjemvaluta og endda give dig den anvendte valutakurs på tilbagetrækningstidspunktet.

• I Kina, UnionPay er den foretrukne korttype, selvom det ikke er for svært at finde en butik eller pengeautomat, der accepterer mere globale typer som Visa eller Mastercard.

Under alle omstændigheder skal du udføre den nødvendige forskning for at finde ud af om pengeautomater, hvor du rejser. De fleste landes guider burde kunne fortælle dig, om gebyrfrie pengeautomater er normen. Og få en backup-metode, hvis pengeautomater ser risikable ud.

At have en bankkonto i en bank, der har en verdensomspændende tilstedeværelse (såsom HSBC og Citibank) giver nogle fordele. Ofte har de gebyrfri ATM-brug i oversøiske filialer i den samme bank og bedre forbindelses- og sikkerhedsfunktioner, der gør dem mere pålidelige. Selvom de normalt ikke vil være i stand til at hjælpe dig ved fortællerne, vil de ofte forbinde dig via telefon til et callcenter i din egen bank, der kan håndtere eventuelle problemer, du har.

Pengeautomater giver ofte så få regninger (pengesedler) som muligt. For eksempel vil en tilbagetrækning på € 150 sandsynligvis producere tre € 50 regninger. Mange nægter at foretage ændringer fra store regninger, så det tilrådes at trække et beløb, der ikke kun kan produceres med store regninger, i dette tilfælde f.eks. 160 €, for at få et par 20 regninger på mindre indkøb. Hvilke regninger der produceres af pengeautomaterne, og hvor store regninger accepteres, varierer fra sted til sted. I USA er mange pengeautomater kun udstyret med 20 dollars regninger.

Brug af kort på salgsstedet

Accepteringen af ​​debet- og kreditkort efter virksomhed varierer efter land og område, så tjek de lokale guider. Accept er generelt mere almindeligt i mere udviklede lande, men på den anden side skal du ikke være for overrasket, hvis en markedsbodholder i en fjerneste del af små byer producerer en kreditkortterminal under disken.

Langt de mest accepterede kort over hele verden er Visa og MasterCard. Hvis du køber et kort til rejsen, skal du få et af disse to mærker af kort; most issuers should offer either of these cards by default. American Express and Diners' Club cards have global networks but acceptance varies widely depending by country and merchant. Discover, JCB, China UnionPay, NYCE, Star, MAC, and Shazam are regional. Acceptance outside the region is usually limited to areas catering to visitors.

Discover, JCB, China UnionPay, and India's RuPay have an alliance with each other, which allows any of these cards to be accepted on any of the other networks in the home markets of each issuer. This is purely a network alliance, that largely serves to make Discover more usable in China, Japan, and India. This doesn't mean that if the Ugg boot store in Sydney accepts JCB, that it will also accept Discover. Sales personnel may not be familiar with this, but it will work if you can convince them to try. JCB has a separate network alliance with American Express that operates worldwide.

Even if your card is accepted worldwide, you may come across some points-of-sale (e.g. ticket vending machines) that only accept domestically-issued cards. This is manifested through the requirement to enter a postal or zip code of your billing address. If you don't live in the country you are performing the transaction in, you won't obviously be able to provide the postal code. A similar situation may await you when you try to buy local transport tickets using a transport operator's mobile app (this is more common in the US and when this is the case, such apps are not going to be available on your country's mobile app store anyway); in this case, you will have to use the vending machines or a manned ticket desk and possibly pay only in cash.

Debit/ATM versus credit cards

ATMs in Poznan

Debit/ATM cards are linked directly to a bank, checking or cash account and immediately deduct the amount of the purchase or ATM withdrawal from the account. Credit cards are not linked to an account with funds in it, but instead charge against a credit line, to be repaid later. Debit cards can be used for general purchases and for obtaining currency. ATM cards can only be used in ATMs for withdrawing currency. This means somewhat greater security for the latter, i.e.,

• If your ATM card is lost or number stolen, thieves cannot use it in any way without its PIN.
• If card and PIN are compromised, ATMs will dispense currency only in the general locations, dates/times and amount limits you arranged with your bank/credit union before travel.
• If a debit card nummer is lost or stolen, thieves can use it (with a "cloned" card and phony identification) anywhere to buy goods or services less than a certain amount (for each use) set by your bank...often $100 (equivalent) or less.
• If card and PIN are compromised, thieves can promptly empty the entire account, and kan gain ability to use or steal other assets by examining account details.

When using any type of card to withdraw cash, your bank may charge a fee of 1–3% on top of foreign exchange, an ATM fee and perhaps others. Derudover er de fleste credit card users will be charged a cash advance fee and interest on any cash advance ("loan") from the day you withdraw it from an ATM until the credit card balance is fully paid. Credit cards sometimes also have a higher than normal interest rate applicable to cash advances. In some cases you can use a credit card like a debit card or prepaid card by making a payment into your credit card account in-advance, keeping the balance positive. In this case you can avoid the daily interest charge, but still may face other fees. Your bank may also limit its liability to the credit limit on the card if it is lost or stolen.

• Such costs will be unlike and separate from those for retail purchases, and the interest rate for cash advances will often be higher than for purchases. In some cases, your bank may limit credit card cash advances or loans to an amount substantially less than your overall credit line.
• While there is usually a grace period when using your credit card for purchases (you will not be charged interest if you pay off your balance in full within that billing period) there is usually no grace period for a cash advance using a credit card.
• Your bank's liability in case of credit card or PIN loss kan be limited by law, at worst equal to your credit limit and credit balance.

Despite the fees you or the merchant pays, when making point-of-sale purchases, your costs or fees will nearly always be better if you use a credit card than a debit card. If your card is stolen, your liability will usually be limited by law (for U.S. banks, $50 for all misuse), and you can dispute fraudulent charges made by unauthorized users on a credit card. But, a stolen debit card and PIN may be used to empty its account, and require many hassles to re-establish security and (perhaps) regain funds. See "Risks/trade-offs" below for ways to avoid this.

As above, credit card companies will protect you if you are charged more than you agreed to pay, if you pay for something and never receive it (strict deadlines may apply), or if your card is klonet (duplicated) without your knowledge and then fraudulently used without being physically stolen.

Credit cards may also include other benefits such as cancellation insurance for flights (usually only in the case of serious sickness), theft or loss insurance for goods (usually only if stolen within 90 days of purchase and a proper police report is filed), collision insurance for rental cars, and emergency health insurance in certain situations while you are traveling. Your card's issuer should fully describe those benefits and their limits.

Credit cards may also provide rewards programs that give you free flights or cash back after a certain (large) amount of spending. The cards may be linked to a frequent flier or hotel loyalty program. If you have an American Express card, in case of a lost or stolen card, you can obtain cash advances and replacement cards easily, by visiting an American Express office.

Der er dog a few merchants (mostly hotels and rental car firms) who misbrug credit card clientele.

• EN hire car firm may attempt to rent you a vehicle with minor windscreen damage or small dents, then accuse you of causing that or more damage when or sometime after you return the vehicle. It may automatically charge claimed repairs to your card at questionable or inflated prices. This justifies action before you accept the vehicle for use, i.e., inspect the car thoroughly, inside and out, for damage or missing items, photograph/document any untoward condition seen, and have the condition noted with an agent's initials/signature on your contract at check-out. Consider taking similar photos as you return the vehicle as proof of its condition.
• With hotels, examine the details of your bill before you pay and leave. It can be very difficult to get your bank to process a charge-back if you are careless about an overcharge or hidden charges at the time of booking, e.g. resort fees.

Many Visa or Mastercard debit cards (mostly issued by banks in Asia) are not embossed (no raised letters/numbers), hence they are indicated as "For Electronic Use Only." This means that they can't be used for transactions that require physically imprinting on a merchant's charge slip and/or manual authorization. Acceptance of these "Electronic Use Only" debit cards for online purchases may not be guaranteed even with sufficient funds, and may need clarification with the issuing bank. Consult the issuing bank about how to effectively use the card if going somewhere you've not yet used it.

Before you leave home

Payment by card in Taiwan

• Advise your bank about when and where you are travelling. This can help avoid triggering its fraud monitors that may cause transactions to be rejected, or even freeze your card account. They may also need to get international support specifically activated for your debit or credit card.
• Make note of what to do if your cards are lost or stolen. Note the numbers of your cards, the numbers to call. If your bank has an app that can freeze your card, download it.
• If your bank detects fraud, they may try to contact you. Some banks will send you a SMS notification if they decline your card. If you don't have a phone where you can receive a phone call or a SMS, it may result in your transaction being declined or your card frozen.
• Take a backup card or cards. Keep them separate from your primary cards. Make sure they are also activated for use where you are travelling to. Consider leaving a spare card with someone who could courier it to you in an emergency. Banks can charge large sums for this service.
• Get a separate PIN for each of your cards, and remember them! Du kan og burde choose PINs that you can remember easily. Choose numbers, as not all ATMs have or accept letters. Don't write any down, or make any obvious (e.g. 1234 and 1111).
• PIN code lengths vary from country to country, but for maximum compatibility you should try to make each you'll use 4 digits before traveling. If you have a six digit PIN and can only enter four, try the first four.
• Ensure you accurately enter the PIN when using an ATM. Some ATMs keep your card during your access, and might confiscate it if you make three incorrect PIN entries.

Most banks do not hold you responsible for any transactions made on your card that occur after you report it lost or stolen. So make sure you report any loss or suspected compromise immediately. Use of credit and debit cards is not recommended in a few countries due to high potential for fraudulent misuse, e.g. Nigeria. Your bank should be able to advise you.

"Chip cards"

A payment terminal which supports both chip and magnetic cards

"Chip cards" are credit and debit cards with an embedded chip in addition to or instead of the magnetic stripe. These cards are ubiquitous in Europe, Africa, Australia, Canada and New Zealand, and are being introduced rapidly in the U.S.

A 'chip card' will generally need to be inserted rather than swiped at point of sale. Generally you will enter a PIN (cards with this configuration are called 'chip and PIN' cards), but sometimes the terminal will still generate a sales docket to be signed. In ATMs when you insert your card, there is no change. Some swipe ATMs will ask you to reinsert your card after you have swiped it.

In the U.S., all stores that display the Visa, MasterCard, or American Express logos must also accept the swipe-and-sign version of the credit cards; however, some may initially refuse to do so (be persistent, asking for the manager if necessary). Elsewhere however, with self-service machines such gas pumps and ticket vending machines, you may be out of luck. This is also the case in countries where 'chip and PIN' is the norm where chip cards that do not have a PIN may be declined.

As with all cards, check your statement regularly, and report any instances of unauthorized transactions.

Contactless cards and mobile phones/smart watches

Symbol for contactless payments

Chips on some cards (and passports) include radio frequency identification (RFID), made to be energized by a nearby (authorized) scanner. Often times, a signature and/or PIN are not needed for small transactions done through contactless. Cards that come with this technology and bear the contactless symbol (see the right hand side) and merchants that accept contactless payments will have that decal posted somewhere in their premises (either at the window/door or at the tills). Most of these use an entirely different technology from the debit or credit cards and have inadequate security, e.g. allowing almost any nearby wireless scanner to read data the card/chip holds. That can include personal and financial information, or enough data to gain access to it. This has spawned a small industry in RFID-protected wallets for cards and passports. Learn from each issuer how secure your RFID cards are, and carry and protect them accordingly.

Some mobile phones (notably iPhones released since 2014 and selected Android models), and by extension smartwatches linked to them, have a provision where users can input their debit and credit card information and 'tap' such phones on readers that accept contactless cards (Visa, Mastercard, and AMEX) to pay for a transaction. They work similar to contactless cards but have an added layer of security (e.g. fingerprint verification) before the transaction goes through. Once set up, the device doesn't need an internet connection for use in traditional brick-and-mortar merchants but information about the transaction will only be displayed once an internet connection has been established. Although in theory such technology is supposed to work anywhere with a contactless symbol, it may be difficult to use devices linked to European bank accounts in North America and vice versa due to technical differences between each region. Availability of this technology varies by country and bank. But if this is available to you and contactless is much more ubiquitous than cash in the country you are visiting, you may want to leave your cash and physical cards in your hotel safe.

One disadvantage of contactless technology using the contactless feature of a card or smart device may not be capable of withdrawing cash at cash machines.

Holds on funds

Most large hotels and all car rental companies put a funds "hold" on your credit card for a larger amount than the amount of your pending room or vehicle charge. A $100 car rental can render a card with a $3000 credit limit useless if the car rental agency puts a hold on an excess amount for the full $3000. This usually takes the form of a pre-authorisation, and the "hold" is removed automatically when the final transaction is put through. The "hold" can remain for much longer when the final transaction is never processed, and you have to wait for the pre-authorisation to expire before you can access those funds. This can happen if the hotel doesn't use the pre-authorisation code when you check-out, or if you prepay the hotel bill, and don't incur any charges while staying, there is no final transaction to clear the pre-auth. Usually a pre-auth will expire within 10 days.

"Cardlock" (pay at the pump) fuel pumps will attempt authorization for at least $75–100 on debit cards, even when a lesser amount of fuel is requested. Usually the pump will display the amount. The hold will be released when the transaction is finalized, but you may have to see an attendant if you want to buy $20 of petrol with a debit card with only $20 of funds.

Holds on funds can be more of an issue with debit cards than with credit cards - because your own funds are being held. It's usually best to pay for car rentals and hotels with credit cards where the only hold is on your credit limit.

ATM cards

Anti-skimming device installed on an ATM in Tyskland

If you appreciate the convenience and increased security of such a card, you can ask your bank or credit union for an "ATM only" card. It should (per your request) be networked with ATMs worldwide and only usable in ATMs (or permitted point-of-sale systems) and only with your PIN.

As long as your PIN is secure, this removes the possibility that your card can be stolen or copied and used without your knowledge. Your "ATM only" card also can't be used for phone or Internet purchases, further minimizing the risk someone can copy your card numbers and make unauthorized purchases.

Prepaid cards

Cards accepted!

It may be possible to get a Visa, Mastercard or American Express-branded prepaid card. This prepaid card works similarly to a debit card except that it is not a bank account. Since it is not linked to your bank account, your maximum exposure is limited to the amount of money you have transferred to that card's balance (minimum top up amounts apply).

Prepaid cards may or may not be capable of being topped-up, depending on the issuer's policies. If so, once the balance is completely depleted, the card can't be used anymore and should be physically destroyed. However for cards that may be topped-up, they can be done so in the issuing banks or online. You do not need to have a bank account with the bank that issued the prepaid card but having one has advantages such as more convenient options to top-up your card (e.g. online, via ATM). There is usually no minimum denominated amount for top-up. Still, you should only top-up the amount you need for a certain number of anticipated uses.

Availability of those cards within each country varies. Some countries like the U.S. have prepaid Visa, Mastercard and American Express available at the counter of pharmacies or grocery stores; they just need pre-payment and activation at the purchase point. Others will allow you to get them from well-known foreign exchange stands (e.g. Travelex). But a few will only make these cards available directly from participating banks.

Generally, these prepaid cards can be used worldwide unless indicated otherwise (most notably, generic Visa, Mastercard and American Express gift cards issued in the U.S.) However online use of prepaid cards depends on the issuer.

Fees can be levied on the card purchase, on top-ups, on withdrawals, on non-use, and on closure. The exchange rates used when converting to a different currency on the card, are ikke the standard Visa or Mastercard rates and are determined by the issuer. These can easily be up to 10% from the "mid-rate".

Prepaid cards may or may not allow withdrawals from an ATM (depending on the issuer), and those that do may assess an additional fee on top of the usual fees imposed for withdrawals. That, because using a prepaid card is supposed to encourage electronic point-of-sale transactions.

Prepaid cards often have no PIN and therefore cannot be used for 'cardlock' pay-at-the-pump fuel purchases. They can still be processed manually by the fuel station attendant.

It will usually be cheaper to obtain and use a low foreign transaction fee debit card than a prepaid card for foreign currency transactions. The only disadvantage...you are subject to volatility in exchange rates, as your debit card only stores your local currency.

Specialist travel currency cards and fee-free alternatives

Consider purchasing currency cards such as Cash Passport. These are normally branded in a MasterCard and in some cases a Visa logo, and hence can be used in anywhere where merchants accept those cards. The normal currency cards being offered are denominated in U.S. dollars, euros, pound sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. You will top up in your home currency and it will be converted into the currency of the card.

Some currency cards are capable of containing multiple currencies at once. In this case, you may be able to change money between currencies offered by that card.

The rates usually fall between 1.0-2.5% of the base rate used by MasterCard or Visa, which is still better than using your everyday debit or credit card directly. In order to take advantage of the best rates, top up online and use the currency card only for transactions in the currencies of the card. When using a currency card having multiple currencies, make sure that the currencies have sufficient balance to cover transactions you wish to make. If you are offered a conversion to your home currency, reject it as well.

In some countries, it is possible to get debit cards that convert your transaction using the SPOT or interbank rate. This means you are going to be charged at or around the same exchange rate that you see on finance websites or business channels. These cards are usually associated with a mobile phone app, which you need to download in the first instance to apply for such cards. These apps can give you your transaction history, allow you to top up funds, convert between currencies, etc. Some cards on the other hand will not require you to top up funds; they will directly charge your "main" debit card or bank account but will use the interbank rate instead of your bank's rate, which may have foreign exchange fees or other surcharges associated with it. Other fee-free services such as Revolut, which is available in dozens of countries, act as virtual bank accounts where the account/card-holder can have accounts in as many currencies as the provider offers. This way, provided that the user tops up and converts local currency into each of his or her foreign exchange accounts beforehand sufficiently, the user will be protected from further fluctuations in the foreign exchange market. Whether these fee-free provisions extend to ATM withdrawals depends on the issuer.

EC Cards

If you have a European euro bank account you can obtain a V Pay kort. This can be used as a debit card in shops and restaurants in other euro countries with no additional charge. Can also be used at European (but not worldwide) ATMs.

Card costs

Card usage fees

A self-checkout machine in a Houston supermarked

Transaction fees can be charged by the bank or institution that issues your card, the company that clears or processes the transaction, and the merchant or the ATM-owner where you use your card. These fees can be fixed, a percentage of the amount, or built into an exchange rate - or a combination of these.

Per the above discussion on card types, most card issuers will charge a foreign transaction fee of up to 4% of the transaction amount every time you make a purchase or cash withdrawal in a foreign country. This fee may be charged even if the transaction is in your home currency but with a foreign bank. Be careful purchasing other countries on the web, where the currency amount may be displayed in your home currency, but you still may pay foreign transaction fees. Try to find a card issuer that doesn't charge this fee or has a low fee.

• In the United States: Capital One, Schwab, Discover Bank, and Varo debit cards. Most travel credit cards.
• In the United Kingdom: Halifax.
• In Australia: 28 Degrees or Citbank Plus.
• In Canada: Home Trust, Scotiabank or Rogers Bank (which charges 2.5% exchange, but provides 4% cash back on foreign transactions).

This can save you a considerable amount on any extended travel. Card issuers may also charge a foreign ATM usage fees as a fixed fee. Check your banks fees well in advance of travel, and consider applying for a new card with lower fees for travel. Allow plenty of time for the application and to receive the card.

The processing company - Visa, Mastercard, American Express, etc. - build a small margin into the exchange rate they convert at. You can find the exchange rate that Visum or Mastercard exchange rates on their website. American Express charges an exchange rate that is 0.0% to 0.5% worse than the rate charged by Visa and MasterCard. Generally the rate is 0.5% to 1% from the midrate. The exchange rate applied to a transaction is usually the rate on the transaction processing date, that can vary from the purchase date. Therefore, unless currency rates are fixed, it is impossible to know exactly what exact exchange rate will be charged until the transaction is posted to your account. Any exchange rate fluctuation may be in your favor, or against you.

When paying by a credit/debit card, different exchange rates might be used depending on your bank policies. Check which exchange rate does your bank use, the credit card company rate is usually much more favourable than the bank rate. Usual practice is that if your bank has an exchange rate available for a currency, they use that rate, and if they do not trade this currency, they use credit card company rate. Thus, exotic currencies might be actually cheaper then expected. However, if your home currency is not a first tier currency, the bank policy might be to use their rate to exchange the amount to hard currency, eg. Euros or Dollars, and then use the credit card rate to exchange it to the desired currency, meaning you will pay the exchange rate twice during one transaction. If going for an expensive or long holiday, the exchange rates are likely to be the most most expensive part of card usage costs.

As mentioned previously, some FinTech providers (e.g. Revolut) offer debit cards and virtual bank accounts with no (when the market is open) or lower foreign exchange transaction fees (during the weekend when the market is closed) than brick-and-mortar banks. This way you will be able to convert cash or perform card transactions at the real-time interbank rate.

ATM owners can charge a fixed fee' to use your card at an ATM, on top of what your bank charges you. This will usually be written on the ATM or displayed on the screen. Check for partnerships with your card issuer to reduce this fee; some ATMs may have partnership arrangements with your bank to have lower fees or fee free withdrawals. Consider larger withdrawals to reduce the impact of fixed fees. Before going to some country, get to know the local fees - so you will know that in Thailand it is normal to pay quite a large fee while in Europe this is unusual. If there are multiple ATMs next to each other, you can shop around for the smallest fee. ATMs of a local bank usually charge smaller fee than ATM only companies, such as Euronet in Europe.

Merchants may charge a surcharge or require a minimum purchase. Local laws can affect how common merchant surcharges are. Merchant surcharges can be a fixed fee or a percentage of the transaction, and they should be advised at point of sale. These can vary between card types, and between debit and credit cards.

Dynamic currency conversion

When you are paying by card for items or services priced in a foreign currency, some merchants will offer to convert your transaction into your home currency. This is called Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC). Unless you prioritise certainty (given that the actual amount in your home currency to be debited is disclosed), if this is offered, you should decline det. Merchants aren't disclosing one key point: their exchange rates are often worse than whatever your card issuer would have provided had you kept the transaction in terms of the local currency – sometimes up to 10% worse.

• Always check your receipt and card terminal, and if you see anything involving your home currency in a country that doesn't use that currency, ask the merchant to redo the transaction in the local currency. Where DCC is offered, Visa requires the merchant to disclose the fee and must provide the consumer with a choice of getting the bill in the customer's home currency or the local currency.
• Some credit card terminals will show you an amount in your home currency and ask you to accept or decline the amount. Declining the home currency option will process the transaction in the local currency, which means your bank or card issuer will do the conversion for you.
• Some cash machines are also known to use DCC, much like credit cards at the point of sale, and should be declined. The machine will ask you if you would like the amount in your home currency or local currency; even though you will always receive the local currency. If you decline (cancel), some ATMs are programmed to automatically cancel the transaction, which is to say that the bank is forcing you to accept DCC. Your best choice is to just find another ATM that doesn't use dynamic currency conversion.
• Merchants may try to convince you that paying in your home currency will avoid foreign transaction fees. This is not always necessarily true and instead, depending on the issuer, may still end up paying the foreign transaction fee on top of the unfavourable foreign exchange rate used for conversion.
• Some merchants may force DCC on you. They may claim that the machine does it automatically. Insist that the merchant re-runs the transaction in local currency. If they refuse, clearly write "DCC Refused, Local currency not offered". Then dispute the charge with your bank.
• Sometimes you may be asked to tick the currency on a receipt. Mark the local currency clearly and (optionally) write "Local currency selected".
• If you have an American Express card and the merchant accepts it, use it. American Express prohibits DCC.

Kontrol

Travellers cheque

A travellers cheque (or travelers check) is a cheque issued for a fixed amount in a specific currency that you purchase with your funds in advance. Once the most popular way of taking currency overseas, these are declining in popularity due to widespread adoption of payment cards; the number of businesses willing to cash a traveller's cheque is also in decline. There is often a fee (about 1% of face value) when purchasing the cheques at a bank; nogle automobile associations waive this fee as a service to their members.

Before buying travellers cheques, confirm they will be accepted where you are travelling. As there are many common scams involving forged or stolen cheques, many merchants no longer honor them; travellers buying travellers cheques before a trip sometimes return home having been unable to use them anywhere.

Be sure to get the cheques in the currency of the country to which you are travelling, or (if that's not possible) whichever one gives the best exchange rate there. Travellers cheques are available only in major currencies. For example, if you are travelling to the USA, you could purchase ten US$100 travellers cheques before you travel there, and use them when you arrive. You sign each cheque when you purchase it and again on the same cheque to redeem it.

One of the main advantage of travellers cheques is complete protection against loss or theft. Once you report them as missing, the issuing company will replace them. You must also keep a record of your used cheque numbers. Most travellers cheque issuers have arrangements to replace them around the world in a short time frame so you are not long left without cash. If you are unsure which cheques you have already cashed and which are missing, your refund may be delayed until the issuer can figure out which ones have been presented.

A second advantage is that travellers cheques in a foreign currency may allow you to lock-in an exchange rate without the risk of cash, or the fees associated with a pre-paid card. If you are travelling from Germany to the U.S. and know you are spending $1,100 to stay at your New York hotel that accepts travellers cheques, you can purchase that value (U.S. dollar denomination cheques) in advance with no risk of exchange movements at the time. That said, should the euro rise in value in the meantime, you paid more than you could have. Thus, it's a trade-off of stability versus possibly a better rate. Just make sure the hotel accepts travellers cheques before you purchase, or you have a way of cashing them elsewhere upon arrival.

Travellers cheques can be exchanged for cash at some banks and exchange bureaus. A hotel may sometimes provide this service to its guests. American Express travellers cheques can also be exchanged at American Express travel centers. Fees for cashing travellers cheques vary by destination and institution. Some banks will cash some brands of cheques free, but this is increasingly rare. American Express will cash their cheques free at their travel centers if they are in the denominated in local currency. More often, fees apply, a sliding scale or a flat fee that may apply only above a certain threshold. If you are cashing travellers cheques into different currency to their denomination, fees may also be charged for the exchange.

Travellers cheques can also sometimes be used for purchases at point of sale, although less widely than credit cards. In general, only the largest stores and hotels will accept travellers cheques for payment.

You will pay a fee to buy travellers cheques. If they are denominated in a foreign currency, this fee may be built into the exchange rate.

Hvis du har travel insurance, you may care to compare the benefits under your policy. Credit card companies will usually offer a 48-hour emergency replacement or cash advance service for a fee, and these fees may already be covered under your policy. The policies may also cover the loss or theft of cash.

Personal cheques and bank drafts

EN personal cheque (eller kontrollere) issued on a current account with your bank or credit union is not likely to be widely accepted for travel. Acceptance is typically confined to the travellers home country or region in local currencies and the cheque risks being worthless if the underlying account is overdrawn.

EN bank draft eller cashier's cheque is issued by a banking institution, drawn on its own funds instead of an individual client's account. These are now so uncommon that they are unlikely to be accepted without special arrangements being made. These have been almost completely replaced by telegraphic transfers - funds transfer directly between international bank accounts.

Mobile payments

Japan og Sydkorea were the pioneers in mobile payments, with South Korea adopting its first mobile payment system in 2000, and Japan in 2004. The original South Korean and Japanese systems required the use of phones with a special chip installed, making them exclusively designed for the domestic market. Since the late 2010s, mobile payments have taken off in Kina, which unlike the Japanese and South Korean systems, were QR code based, and only required a smart phone. Today, China leads the world in the adoption of mobile payments, and these are accepted even by many street market stalls, to the point that they often do not have change for customers paying by cash.

Carrying or sending money across national borders

Countries track large movements of money across national borders. This is to help prevent money laundering, tax evasion, and transfers of funds to criminal and terrorist groups. If you transfer money between international bank accounts, or use your credit card in a foreign country, this is reported automatically, but if you carry large amounts of money (typically more than US$10,000, euro, or similar hard currency) you will need to declare it whenever you leave or enter a country. Don't forget monetary instruments such as traveller's checks count as well, as do personal cheques, bank cheques, postal orders or similar monetary instruments that are able to pay the bearer cash. If you or one of your travelling party could exchange them outside the country for cash, you should declare. This typically does not apply if you are abroad, but not the funds or the party to be paid (e.g. domestic online payment, internationally mailing a cheque both drawn and payable exclusively in your home country, etc.) If in any doubt, just declare.

Some countries, such as Indien og Nordkorea, do not allow the country's home currency to be imported or exported at all. Other countries may have such a low import/export limit in the country's currency that these limits effectively stop you importing or exporting the local currency. This means that you will have to bring all the money you need in a convertible currency and change it to the local currency when you arrive. Likewise, you must change all the local currency back to hard currency before you leave. Often, these laws are poorly enforced. At other times, they can be inconvenient when converting back to hard currency may require a receipt. Check local guides for likely issues.

If you need to use your pre-existing online bill payment from your bank or PayPal while abroad to pay bills back home, let them know a week in advance which countries you will be visiting. Banking and payment websites are aware of your access from a foreign country because they can track the origin of your Internet IP address, which is country specific. You will likely be blocked from your account to prevent fraud, unless prior arraignments were made.

Getting money in an emergency

You should have a plan for how you will get money in an emergency.

If you have a spare card that you left at home, you can use that card to do things like book prepaid accommodation online through an accommodation booking site. In some countries you can even use a spare card or a friends card to purchase eGiftCards, that give you a number or a bar code you can use at point of purchase in supermarkets, etc.

If you have a premium credit card, or an American Express card, contact their assistance numbers. The credit card assistance lines will often wire you cash as a cash advance on the credit card.

Hvis du har travel insurance, contact their assistance line. Most insurance companies cover lost cash and cards, but most will have to process a claim before they will help you, which is practically useless in the short term.

If you have someone willing to send you money, there are several options for getting money fast in an nødsituation. Disse inkluderer følgende:

• Having someone back home directly depositing money into your bank account. You then use an ATM to make withdrawals. If you both have a PayPal account, this can be done online by computer. It will take a couple days for the money to transfer from your PayPal account to your bank account (longer over weekends and bank holidays), and don't forget to initiate this yourself on the PayPal website as soon as possible. However, if you have PayPal's debit card (MasterCard/Cirrus), the funds will normally be available immediately. (Don't do the aforementioned transfer in this case.) This is not without risk; as Paypal is not a bank and is not regulated as a bank, your recourse is relatively limited if they freeze your account or hold your funds for any reason. There are no fees for funds sent directly from bank accounts of family and friends (i.e. non-commercial transactions), but credit/debit card, and foreign exchange fees apply. Typically, these fees are similar to or somewhat less than what others charge. Although PayPal offers many foreign currencies for sending money, the funds must be in the same currency as your bank account Hjem igen. Only if you're relying on a trusted friend abroad, should the funds be sent in a foreign currency.

• Moneygram is a private money transfer company with many franchise outlet around the world. Someone can pay in money at one office giving the name of the receiver and will be given a reference number. Within an hour you can obtain the cash anywhere in the world if you have the reference number and some form of identification. Fees are higher than interbank money transfer but it has the advantage you do not need an account in the sending or receiving country. There are some dedicated Moneygram shops but in most countries agents are in small supermarkets (often catering for expatriates), newsagents, tobacconists, and some banks, often in areas of high immigrant populations. In the UK and Canada the Post Office is an agent.

• Get money from a friend via wire transfer services like vestlige Union. (similar to MoneyGram). If you know your credit card numbers, you can use it to wire yourself some money. However, this is quite expensive, since it will be treated as a "cash advance," in addition to the hefty Western Union fee.

• XOOM ("zoom") is now owned by PayPal, and has wire transfer services similar to Western Union and Moneygram. Some countries have cash home delivery available.

• Sending cash via an overnight courier service (this is reliable, but is sometimes not allowed in the courier company's terms of service.)

• Du kunne sælge personal possessions such as a camera or sport watch.

Your embassy may be able to provide a short-term emergency loan. In many cases, the embassy may only offer help in obtaining a loan from a third party. They will certainly want to see that you have exhausted all other avenues open to you.

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